Wang Jia Dong James, Chua Nevin Yi Meng, Chan Ling-Ling, Tan Eng-King
Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore.
Departments of Neurology and Neuroradiology, Singapore General Hospital Campus, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 168581, Singapore.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Apr 16;26(8):3762. doi: 10.3390/ijms26083762.
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are highly prevalent conditions with significant global health impacts. OSA affects 17-34% of middle-aged adults, while more than 10 million worldwide have PD. Clinical studies demonstrate a bidirectional relationship, with the OSA prevalence being higher among PD patients suggesting that hypoxia and sleep fragmentation contribute to worsening motor and cognitive symptoms. Conversely, PD-associated neurodegeneration impairs respiratory control, exacerbating OSA. Diagnostic differentiation is particularly challenging due to overlapping symptoms, such as sleep disturbances, cognitive decline, and autonomic dysfunction. Emerging neuromodulation therapies, including deep brain stimulation and hypoglossal nerve stimulation, show dual therapeutic potential. The interplay between OSA and PD draws attention to the need for integrated diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Additional longitudinal studies to evaluate their cause-effect relationship and identify neuroimaging and biochemical biomarkers to elucidate novel pathophysiologic clues can potentially identify novel therapeutic targets.
阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）和帕金森病（PD）是高度流行的疾病，对全球健康有重大影响。OSA影响17%-34%的中年成年人，而全球有超过1000万人患有PD。临床研究表明两者存在双向关系，PD患者中OSA的患病率更高，这表明缺氧和睡眠片段化会导致运动和认知症状恶化。相反，与PD相关的神经退行性变会损害呼吸控制，加重OSA。由于存在睡眠障碍、认知下降和自主神经功能障碍等重叠症状，诊断鉴别尤其具有挑战性。包括深部脑刺激和舌下神经刺激在内的新兴神经调节疗法显示出双重治疗潜力。OSA和PD之间的相互作用引起了人们对综合诊断和治疗方法的需求。更多纵向研究以评估它们的因果关系，并识别神经影像学和生化生物标志物以阐明新的病理生理线索，可能会识别出新的治疗靶点。
