Iyigundogdu Zeynep, Ürünveren Hüsamettin, Beycioğlu Ahmet, Ibadov Nabi
Department of Bioengineering, Adana Alparslan Türkeş Science and Technology University, 01250 Adana, Türkiye.
Department of Civil Engineering, Adana Alparslan Türkeş Science and Technology University, 01250 Adana, Türkiye.
Materials (Basel). 2025 Apr 10;18(8):1735. doi: 10.3390/ma18081735.
As cement production causes large amounts of CO emissions and is not sustainable, there is a growing worldwide interest in developing cleaner construction materials by reducing carbon emissions and reusing existing industrial waste. Also, antimicrobially active construction materials are gaining attention due to enhancing structural longevity. By preventing microbial growth, these materials help to improve indoor air quality and occupant health. Geopolymer mortars/concretes (GPM/GPC) with high mechanical, physical and durability properties are considered as an eco-friendly alternative to ordinary Portland cement (OPC) mortars/concretes. In this study, the composition, microstructural, mechanical and antimicrobial properties of geopolymers produced at different curing temperatures (60, 80, 100 and 120 °C) were investigated. Low-lime fly ash was used as binder and sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide were used as the alkaline solution in geopolymer production. Although X-ray fluorescence (XRF) results showed an increase in geopolymerization products with increasing temperature, SEM analysis showed that the crack formation that occurs in the microstructure of geopolymers cured above 100 °C leads to decreased mechanical properties. The strength and antimicrobial performance test results for geopolymer mortars showed that the optimum temperature was 100 °C, and the highest compressive strength (48.41 MPa) was reached at this temperature. A decrease in strength was observed due to cracks occurring in the microstructure at higher temperatures. The agar diffusion method was used to determine the antimicrobial activity of GPMs against four bacteria and one fungus species. The antimicrobial activity test results showed that the samples subjected to thermal curing at 100 °C formed the highest inhibition zones (38.94-49.24 mm). Furthermore, the alkalinity of the components/mixtures has a direct relationship with antimicrobial activity. As a result, GPMs with superior antimicrobial and mechanical properties can be considered as promising building materials, especially for construction applications where hygiene is a priority and for structures that are likely to be exposed to microbial corrosion.
由于水泥生产会产生大量的二氧化碳排放且不可持续，全球范围内对通过减少碳排放和再利用现有工业废料来开发更清洁的建筑材料的兴趣日益浓厚。此外，具有抗菌活性的建筑材料因能提高结构寿命而受到关注。通过防止微生物生长，这些材料有助于改善室内空气质量和居住者健康。具有高机械、物理和耐久性的地质聚合物砂浆/混凝土（GPM/GPC）被认为是普通硅酸盐水泥（OPC）砂浆/混凝土的环保替代品。在本研究中，研究了在不同养护温度（60、80、100和120℃）下制备的地质聚合物的组成、微观结构、力学和抗菌性能。低钙粉煤灰用作粘结剂，硅酸钠和氢氧化钠用作地质聚合物生产中的碱性溶液。尽管X射线荧光（XRF）结果表明随着温度升高地质聚合产物增加，但扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分析表明，在100℃以上养护的地质聚合物微观结构中出现的裂纹形成导致力学性能下降。地质聚合物砂浆的强度和抗菌性能测试结果表明，最佳温度为100℃，在此温度下达到了最高抗压强度（48.41MPa）。由于在较高温度下微观结构中出现裂纹，观察到强度下降。采用琼脂扩散法测定GPM对四种细菌和一种真菌的抗菌活性。抗菌活性测试结果表明，在100℃下进行热养护的样品形成的抑菌圈最大（38.94 - 49.24mm）。此外，组分/混合物的碱度与抗菌活性有直接关系。因此，具有优异抗菌和力学性能的GPM可被视为有前景的建筑材料，特别是对于卫生是首要考虑因素的建筑应用以及可能遭受微生物腐蚀的结构。
