Armstrong L E, Costill D L, Fink W J
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1985 Aug;17(4):456-61. doi: 10.1249/00005768-198508000-00009.
A diuretic drug (40 mg of furosemide) was utilized to study the effects of dehydration (D) on competitive running performance, without prior thermal or exercise stress. Eight men competed in randomized races of 1,500, 5,000, and 10,000 m, while normally hydrated (H) and with mean plasma volume reductions of 9.9, 12.3, and 9.9%, respectively. As a result of the reduced body water (change in body weight = -1.9, -1.6, and -2.1%), mean outdoor performance times on a running track increased 0.16 min, 1.31 min (P less than 0.05), and 2.62 min (P less than 0.05) in the 1,500-m, 5,000-m, and 10,000-m trials. Running performance decrements due to dehydration were more strongly correlated with changes in body weight (r = -0.79, -0.65, and -0.40) than with urine volume or plasma volume differences. In addition, subjects were studied during submaximal and maximal treadmill exercise while H and D (mean change in plasma volume = -7.1%). Neither submaximal nor maximal oxygen uptake was significantly altered (P greater than 0.05) as a consequence of D. Mean treadmill run time to volitional exhaustion was reduced by 41.4 s (P less than 0.05) during the D treadmill trial. Therefore, it appears that competitive performance in trials of long duration (5,000 and 10,000 m) was affected to a greater extent by D than the shorter 1,500-m event, even though submaximal and maximal oxygen uptake was not altered.
使用一种利尿药物（40毫克速尿）来研究脱水（D）对竞技跑步成绩的影响，且无先前的热应激或运动应激。八名男性在正常水合状态（H）以及平均血浆量分别减少9.9%、12.3%和9.9%的情况下，参加了1500米、5000米和10000米的随机比赛。由于身体水分减少（体重变化分别为-1.9%、-1.6%和-2.1%），在1500米、5000米和10000米比赛中，在跑道上的平均室外成绩时间分别增加了0.16分钟、1.31分钟（P<0.05）和2.62分钟（P<0.05）。与尿量或血浆量差异相比，脱水导致的跑步成绩下降与体重变化的相关性更强（r分别为-0.79、-0.65和-0.40）。此外，还对受试者在次最大和最大强度跑步机运动期间进行了研究，分别处于正常水合状态（H）和脱水状态（D，血浆量平均变化=-7.1%）。由于脱水，次最大和最大摄氧量均未发生显著改变（P>0.05）。在脱水状态下的跑步机试验中，平均跑步机跑到自愿疲惫的时间减少了41.4秒（P<0.05）。因此，似乎在长时间（5000米和10000米）比赛中的竞技表现受脱水的影响程度比短距离的1500米项目更大，尽管次最大和最大摄氧量未改变。
