Caldwell J E, Ahonen E, Nousiainen U
J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol. 1984 Oct;57(4):1018-23. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1984.57.4.1018.
The physiological effects on submaximal and maximal exercise of three methods commonly used by athletes for achieving rapid weight loss were determined by measuring cardiorespiratory variables in 62 nonendurance athletes. A mean weight loss of 4.1% was achieved by those who followed either a sauna (SAU), diuretic (DIU), or exercise (ACT) protocol, compared with the average weight loss of 1.2% in the control group. At maximal exercise O2 consumption, O2 pulse, blood lactate concentration, and work load decreased in SAU and DIU groups relative to the ACT group, whereas only a few differences were observed at the aerobic threshold. Weight loss achieved over a 48-h period was less detrimental to an athlete than was a more rapid (24-h) weight reduction achieved through sauna bathing or the use of diuretics. We conclude that not only the quantity of weight loss but also the method itself may limit physical performance.
通过测量62名非耐力运动员的心肺变量，确定了运动员常用的三种快速减肥方法对次最大强度和最大强度运动的生理影响。采用桑拿（SAU）、利尿剂（DIU）或运动（ACT）方案的运动员平均体重减轻了4.1%，而对照组的平均体重减轻了1.2%。在最大运动时，SAU组和DIU组的耗氧量、氧脉搏、血乳酸浓度和工作量相对于ACT组有所下降，而在有氧阈值时仅观察到少数差异。在48小时内实现的体重减轻对运动员的损害小于通过桑拿浴或使用利尿剂实现的更快（24小时）体重减轻。我们得出结论，不仅体重减轻的量，而且方法本身都可能限制身体表现。
