Delgado Iris, Dahal Sushma, Matute Maria I, Rubilar Ramírez Paola A, Mamelund Svenn-Erik, Chowell Gerardo
Centro de Epidemiología y Política de Salud, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile.
School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2025 May 7;20(5):e0323409. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0323409. eCollection 2025.
The COVID-19 pandemic caused an unprecedented economic crisis, intensifying poverty levels in Latin America, particularly in Chile. This study examines the short- and long-term socioeconomic impacts of COVID-19 on income poverty in Chile, focusing on regional disparities, rurality, ethnicity, educational attainment, and immigration. Using data from the Chile National Socioeconomic Characterization Survey (CASEN) for 2017, 2020, and 2022, we analyzed poverty trends across the pre-pandemic, pandemic, and post-pandemic periods. We employed spatial clustering techniques with Local Moran's I to detect poverty hotspots and applied logistic regression models to identify key sociodemographic factors associated with these hotspots. Our results reveal stark regional disparities, with disproportionately higher poverty rates among rural populations, Indigenous communities, and individuals with lower education levels or immigrant backgrounds. The proportion of individuals in poverty hotspots rose from 6.8% in 2017 to 8.6% in 2020, before slightly declining to 7.7% in 2022. Although emergency monetary subsidies helped reduce overall poverty from 10.8% in 2020 to 6.5% in 2022, these measures were insufficient to address deep-rooted structural inequalities. Our findings underscore the urgent need for targeted, long-term policies that go beyond temporary financial assistance and tackle systemic disparities linked to rurality, ethnicity, education, and immigration. Such measures are essential for achieving sustainable poverty reduction and fostering inclusive economic growth in Chile.
新冠疫情引发了一场前所未有的经济危机，加剧了拉丁美洲，尤其是智利的贫困程度。本研究考察了新冠疫情对智利收入贫困的短期和长期社会经济影响，重点关注地区差异、农村地区、种族、教育程度和移民情况。利用智利全国社会经济特征调查（CASEN）2017年、2020年和2022年的数据，我们分析了疫情前、疫情期间和疫情后各阶段的贫困趋势。我们采用局部莫兰指数（Local Moran's I）的空间聚类技术来检测贫困热点地区，并应用逻辑回归模型来确定与这些热点地区相关的关键社会人口因素。我们的研究结果揭示了明显的地区差异，农村人口、原住民社区以及教育程度较低或有移民背景的个人贫困率 disproportionately 更高。贫困热点地区的人口比例从2017年的6.8%上升到2020年的8.6%，随后在2022年略有下降至7.7%。尽管紧急货币补贴有助于将总体贫困率从2020年的10.8%降至2022年的6.5%，但这些措施不足以解决根深蒂固的结构性不平等问题。我们的研究结果强调，迫切需要制定有针对性的长期政策，这些政策不仅要超越临时财政援助，还要解决与农村地区、种族、教育和移民相关的系统性差异。此类措施对于智利实现可持续减贫和促进包容性经济增长至关重要。 （注：disproportionately一词原英文中拼写有误，正确拼写为disproportionately ，中文意思为“不成比例地” ）
