Liu Xuanchen, Yang Xiaoxiong, Meng Yaoju, Wen Boyang, Yan Kun, Zhang Qiyi, Wang Junhao, Su Yifei, Niu Xiaochen, Song Yingda, Cheng Rui, Ji Hongming, Jia Guijun, Wang Chunhong
The Neurosurgery Department of Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
Front Neurol. 2025 Apr 23;16:1538413. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2025.1538413. eCollection 2025.
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) poses a significant health challenge, notably affecting adolescents and young adults (AYAs) aged 15-39 years. Despite advancements in medical technology, the global burden of ICH remains substantial, influenced by lifestyle factors, socioeconomic conditions, and disparities in healthcare access. This study leverages data from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) to conduct a comprehensive analysis of ICH trends and burdens at global, regional, and national levels, emphasizing the role of the Social Development Index (SDI).
We utilized data from the GBD 2021 to assess the incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) associated with ICH from 1990 to 2021, covering 204 countries and regions. Age-standardized rates were calculated to ensure comparability. Temporal trends were evaluated using Joinpoint regression analysis, and future projections were made using a Bayesian Age-Period-Cohort model.
In 2021, ~246,938 new cases of ICH were reported among the global AYAs population, reflecting a decline in age-standardized incidence rates from 11.85 per 100,000 in 1990 to 8.14 in 2021. Prevalence rates also decreased from 124.44 to 94.58 per 100,000. Mortality rates and DALYs exhibited similar downward trends. Significant regional disparities were observed, with high SDI regions experiencing lower ICH burdens than low SDI regions, highlighting the influence of socioeconomic factors and healthcare access.
While the global burden of ICH among AYAs has declined, significant disparities persist, particularly in regions with lower SDI. To further mitigate the impact of ICH, public health initiatives should focus on enhancing healthcare infrastructure, promoting health education, and addressing socioeconomic inequalities.
脑出血（ICH）对健康构成重大挑战，尤其影响15至39岁的青少年和青年（AYA）。尽管医疗技术有所进步，但受生活方式因素、社会经济状况和医疗服务可及性差异的影响，全球脑出血负担仍然很大。本研究利用2021年全球疾病负担（GBD）数据，对全球、区域和国家层面的脑出血趋势和负担进行全面分析，强调社会发展指数（SDI）的作用。
我们利用GBD 2021数据评估1990年至2021年期间与脑出血相关的发病率、患病率、死亡率和伤残调整生命年（DALY），覆盖204个国家和地区。计算年龄标准化率以确保可比性。使用Joinpoint回归分析评估时间趋势，并使用贝叶斯年龄-时期-队列模型进行未来预测。
2021年，全球AYA人群中报告了约246,938例新发脑出血病例，年龄标准化发病率从1990年的每10万人11.85例下降到2021年的8.14例。患病率也从每10万人124.44例降至94.58例。死亡率和DALY呈现类似的下降趋势。观察到显著的区域差异，高SDI地区的脑出血负担低于低SDI地区，突出了社会经济因素和医疗服务可及性的影响。
虽然全球AYA人群中的脑出血负担有所下降，但显著差异仍然存在，特别是在SDI较低的地区。为了进一步减轻脑出血的影响，公共卫生举措应侧重于加强医疗基础设施、促进健康教育和解决社会经济不平等问题。
