Yang Xuesong, Liu Cheng, Liu Yanbo, He Zhigang, Li Juan, Li Yijing, Wu Yanqiong, Manyande Anne, Feng Maohui, Xiang Hongbing
Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
School of Human and Social Sciences, University of West London, London, United Kingdom.
Front Nutr. 2024 Jun 17;11:1366525. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1366525. eCollection 2024.
The objective of this study was to assess the global burden of disease for developmental and intellectual disabilities caused by iodine deficiency from 1990 to 2019.
Using data from the global burden of disease (GBD) 2019, we conducted a cross-country inequity analysis to examine the worldwide burden of developmental and intellectual disabilities caused by the issue of iodine deficiency from 1990 to 2019. Absolute and relative inequality were assessed by the slope index of inequality and the concentration index, respectively. After summarising the latest evidence, we also projected the age-standardized prevalence and years lived with disability (YLD) rates up to 2030 using the BAPC and INLA packages in R statistical software.
In 2019, the global age-standardized prevalence and YLD rates for developmental and intellectual disabilities due to iodine deficiency were 22.54 per 100,000 population (95% UI 14.47 to 29.23) and 4.12 per 100,000 population (95% UI 2.25 to 6.4), respectively. From 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized prevalence and YLD rates of developmental and intellectual disabilities due to iodine deficiency decreased significantly. Geographic distribution showed that areas with lower socio-demographic indices (SDI) were the most affected. The correlation between higher SDI and lower prevalence highlights the role of economic and social factors in the prevalence of the disease. Cross-national inequity analysis shows that disparities persist despite improvements in health inequalities. In addition, projections suggest that the disease burden may decline until 2030.
This research underscores the necessity for targeted interventions, such as enhancing iodine supplementation and nutritional education, especially in areas with lower SDI. We aim to provide a foundation for policymakers further to research effective preventative and potential alternative treatment strategies.
本研究的目的是评估1990年至2019年碘缺乏所致发育和智力残疾的全球疾病负担。
利用全球疾病负担（GBD）2019的数据，我们进行了一项跨国不平等分析，以研究1990年至2019年碘缺乏问题所致发育和智力残疾的全球负担。分别通过不平等斜率指数和集中指数评估绝对不平等和相对不平等。在总结最新证据后，我们还使用R统计软件中的BAPC和INLA软件包预测了到2030年的年龄标准化患病率和残疾生存年数（YLD）率。
2019年，碘缺乏所致发育和智力残疾的全球年龄标准化患病率和YLD率分别为每10万人22.54例（95%UI 14.47至29.23）和每10万人4.12例（95%UI 2.25至6.4）。1990年至2019年，碘缺乏所致发育和智力残疾的年龄标准化患病率和YLD率显著下降。地理分布表明，社会人口指数（SDI）较低的地区受影响最大。较高的SDI与较低的患病率之间的相关性突出了经济和社会因素在该疾病患病率中的作用。跨国不平等分析表明，尽管健康不平等有所改善，但差距仍然存在。此外，预测表明，到2030年疾病负担可能会下降。
本研究强调了针对性干预措施的必要性，如加强碘补充和营养教育，特别是在SDI较低的地区。我们旨在为政策制定者进一步研究有效的预防和潜在替代治疗策略提供基础。
