Resnik David B, Hosseini Mohammad
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, USA.
Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
AI Ethics. 2025 Apr;5(2):1499-1521. doi: 10.1007/s43681-024-00493-8. Epub 2024 May 27.
Using artificial intelligence (AI) in research offers many important benefits for science and society but also creates novel and complex ethical issues. While these ethical issues do not necessitate changing established ethical norms of science, they require the scientific community to develop new guidance for the appropriate use of AI. In this article, we briefly introduce AI and explain how it can be used in research, examine some of the ethical issues raised when using it, and offer nine recommendations for responsible use, including: (1) Researchers are responsible for identifying, describing, reducing, and controlling AI-related biases and random errors; (2) Researchers should disclose, describe, and explain their use of AI in research, including its limitations, in language that can be understood by non-experts; (3) Researchers should engage with impacted communities, populations, and other stakeholders concerning the use of AI in research to obtain their advice and assistance and address their interests and concerns, such as issues related to bias; (4) Researchers who use synthetic data should (a) indicate which parts of the data are synthetic; (b) clearly label the synthetic data; (c) describe how the data were generated; and (d) explain how and why the data were used; (5) AI systems should not be named as authors, inventors, or copyright holders but their contributions to research should be disclosed and described; (6) Education and mentoring in responsible conduct of research should include discussion of ethical use of AI.
在研究中使用人工智能（AI）为科学和社会带来了许多重要益处，但也引发了新颖而复杂的伦理问题。虽然这些伦理问题并不一定需要改变科学既定的伦理规范，但它们要求科学界为人工智能的恰当使用制定新的指导方针。在本文中，我们简要介绍人工智能，并解释其如何应用于研究，审视使用人工智能时出现的一些伦理问题，并就负责任的使用提出九条建议，包括：（1）研究人员有责任识别、描述、减少和控制与人工智能相关的偏差和随机误差；（2）研究人员应披露、描述并解释他们在研究中对人工智能的使用，包括其局限性，要用非专业人士能理解的语言；（3）研究人员应就研究中人工智能的使用与受影响的社区、人群和其他利益相关者进行沟通，以获取他们的建议和帮助，并解决他们的利益和关切，比如与偏差相关的问题；（4）使用合成数据的研究人员应（a）指明数据的哪些部分是合成的；（b）清晰标注合成数据；（c）描述数据是如何生成的；（d）解释数据的使用方式及原因；（5）人工智能系统不应被列为作者、发明者或版权所有者，但应披露并描述它们对研究的贡献；（6）关于负责任的研究行为的教育和指导应包括对人工智能伦理使用的讨论。
