Feng Xiaojie
Civil & Architecture Engineering Institute, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, China.
PLoS One. 2025 May 8;20(5):e0321847. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0321847. eCollection 2025.
This study mainly aims to investigate the spatial distribution characteristics and accessibility of the Weibei Imperial Mausoleum Protection Zone, and gain a deeper understanding of cultural heritage preservation and urban planning in this area. Settlements represent areas where people reside over the long term, including villages, towns, etc., and their spatial distribution reflects the interplay between human activities and the natural environment, as well as historical heritage. The relationship among population distribution, land use, cultural heritage preservation areas, and resident lifestyles can be understood by analyzing the spatial distribution of settlements. This is crucial for formulating effective urban planning and cultural heritage protection strategies. Initially, factor analysis is employed to reduce the dimensionality of the original multidimensional data. Subsequently, the hierarchical clustering algorithm is applied to categorize and cluster settlements based on these factors, then combines them into clusters, thereby revealing the spatial distribution patterns among different settlements. Next, this study constructs a settlement spatial distribution model based on factor analysis combined with the hierarchical clustering algorithm. Additionally, through accessibility analysis, this study examines the situation of residents accessing cultural heritage sites at different times during weekdays and weekends. The results indicate that with a classification number of 4, the Goodness of Variance Fit (GVF) for different hierarchical features exceeds 0.7, and the average silhouette coefficient reaches 0.58 at this classification number. Furthermore, the accessibility analysis also illustrates residents' visiting patterns to cultural heritage sites on weekends and weekdays, providing valuable insights for urban planning and cultural heritage preservation. Therefore, this study concludes that categorizing settlements into four classes in this area is reasonable and emphasizes the importance of cultural heritage site preservation and urban planning. This method demonstrates a high level of accuracy and interpretability in spatial analysis.
本研究主要旨在调查渭北帝陵保护区的空间分布特征与可达性，进而更深入地了解该地区的文化遗产保护与城市规划。聚落代表着人们长期居住的区域，包括村庄、城镇等，其空间分布反映了人类活动与自然环境以及历史遗产之间的相互作用。通过分析聚落的空间分布，可以了解人口分布、土地利用、文化遗产保护区与居民生活方式之间的关系。这对于制定有效的城市规划和文化遗产保护策略至关重要。首先，运用因子分析对原始多维数据进行降维。随后，应用层次聚类算法基于这些因子对聚落进行分类和聚类，再将它们合并为簇，从而揭示不同聚落之间的空间分布模式。接下来，本研究构建基于因子分析与层次聚类算法相结合的聚落空间分布模型。此外，通过可达性分析，本研究考察了居民在工作日和周末不同时段前往文化遗产地的情况。结果表明，分类数为4时，不同层次特征的方差拟合优度（GVF）超过0.7，在此分类数下平均轮廓系数达到0.58。此外，可达性分析还揭示了居民在周末和工作日前往文化遗产地的访问模式，为城市规划和文化遗产保护提供了有价值的见解。因此，本研究得出结论，将该地区的聚落分为四类是合理的，并强调了文化遗产地保护和城市规划的重要性。该方法在空间分析中显示出较高的准确性和可解释性。
