Computer-aided assessment for enlarged fetal heart with deep learning model.

Enlarged fetal heart conditions may indicate congenital heart diseases or other complications, making early detection through prenatal ultrasound essential. However, manual assessments by sonographers are often subjective, time-consuming, and inconsistent. This paper proposes a deep learning approach using the You Only Look Once (YOLO) architecture to automate fetal heart enlargement assessment. Using a set of ultrasound videos, YOLOv8 with a CBAM module demonstrated superior performance compared to YOLOv11 with self-attention. Incorporating the ResNeXtBlock-a residual network with cardinality-additionally enhanced accuracy and prediction consistency. The model exhibits strong capability in detecting fetal heart enlargement, offering a reliable computer-aided tool for sonographers during prenatal screenings. Further validation is required to confirm its clinical applicability. By improving early and accurate detection, this approach has the potential to enhance prenatal care, facilitate timely interventions, and contribute to better neonatal health outcomes.