Housing Development and Management, Department of Architecture and Built Environment, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-22100, Lund, Sweden.
Instituto de Planificación Urbana y Regional, Faculty of Architecture and Design, Catholic University of Santiago de Guayaquil, Av. Carlos Julio Arosemena Km. 1½ vía Daule, Guayaquil, Ecuador.
Int J Biometeorol. 2018 Mar;62(3):387-399. doi: 10.1007/s00484-017-1329-x. Epub 2017 Mar 10.
The thermal environment outdoors affects human comfort and health. Mental and physical performance is reduced at high levels of air temperature being a problem especially in tropical climates. This paper deals with human comfort in the warm-humid city of Guayaquil, Ecuador. The main aim was to examine the influence of urban micrometeorological conditions on people's subjective thermal perception and to compare it with two thermal comfort indices: the physiologically equivalent temperature (PET) and the standard effective temperature (SET*). The outdoor thermal comfort was assessed through micrometeorological measurements of air temperature, humidity, mean radiant temperature and wind speed together with a questionnaire survey consisting of 544 interviews conducted in five public places of the city during both the dry and rainy seasons. The neutral and preferred values as well as the upper comfort limits of PET and SET* were determined. For both indices, the neutral values and upper thermal comfort limits were lower during the rainy season, whereas the preferred values were higher during the rainy season. Regardless of season, the neutral values of PET and SET* are above the theoretical neutral value of each index. The results show that local people accept thermal conditions which are above acceptable comfort limits in temperate climates and that the subjective thermal perception varies within a wide range. It is clear, however, that the majority of the people in Guayaquil experience the outdoor thermal environment during daytime as too warm, and therefore, it is important to promote an urban design which creates shade and ventilation.
户外热环境会影响人体舒适度和健康。在气温较高的情况下，人的精神和身体机能会下降，这在热带气候地区尤其成问题。本文研究厄瓜多尔瓜亚基尔市的热舒适情况，该市气候温暖潮湿。本文的主要目的是检验城市微气象条件对人体热感觉的影响，并将其与两种热舒适指标进行比较：生理等效温度（PET）和标准有效温度（SET*）。通过对空气温度、湿度、平均辐射温度和风速的微气象测量以及在城市五个公共场所进行的包含 544 次访谈的问卷调查，评估户外热舒适情况。确定了 PET 和 SET* 的中性和偏好值以及上限舒适限值。对于这两个指标，在雨季时，中性值和上限热舒适限值较低，而偏好值较高。无论季节如何，PET 和 SET* 的中性值都高于每个指标的理论中性值。结果表明，当地人接受的热条件高于温带气候的可接受舒适限值，并且主观热感觉在很大范围内变化。然而，很明显，瓜亚基尔的大多数人在白天都感到户外热环境过于温暖，因此，促进创造阴凉和通风的城市设计非常重要。
