Jia Mengjun, Yan Huimin, Xu Qingqing, Grifa Celestino, Zhao Gang, Jiang Siwei, Wang Jinhua, Wei Zhenhua, Liu Han, Ma Xiao
Department of History of Science and Scientific Archaeology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
Institute for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage, School of Cultural Heritage and Information Management, Key Laboratory of Silicate Cultural Relics Conservation, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Aug;12(29):e2503333. doi: 10.1002/advs.202503333. Epub 2025 May 9.
Hydraulic calcium-silicate-hydrate (C-S-H), a key binding agent in both ancient mortars and modern cement, holds significant promise for heritage conservation. Drawing inspiration from ancient Roman techniques, this study investigates the development of C-S-H-based grouting materials to address water-induced erosive damage in the Beishan Grottoes of the Dazu Rock Carvings. The interfacial interactions between C-S-H mortar and sandstone are analyzed using molecular dynamics simulations, revealing the crucial role of hydrogen bonding at the interface of C-S-H and mineral phases for adhesion. In the in situ synthesis of C-S-H with a reticulated structure from Ca(OH)/silica fume mixtures under ambient conditions, this work systematically investigates the impact of varying calcium-to-silica (C/S) ratio and water-to-binder ratios on the mechanical properties and pore structure of C-S-H-based mortars. The optimal mechanical and physical properties are achieved with a C/S ratio of 0.8, water/binder ratio of 2.0, binder/aggregate ratio of 1:3, and 4 wt% polycarboxylate superplasticizer. Laboratory-scale experiments confirm its excellent compatibility with sandstone, offering a potential effective grouting solution for the Beishan Grottoes and emphasizing the importance of material compatibility in heritage conservation. This integrated approach encompassing materials design, synthesis, characterization, and interfacial analysis, presents a robust framework for developing tailored binding agents for various applications.
水硬性硅酸钙水化物（C-S-H）是古代灰浆和现代水泥中的关键粘结剂，在文物保护方面具有巨大潜力。本研究借鉴古罗马技术，探索基于C-S-H的灌浆材料的开发，以解决大足石刻北山石窟因水引起的侵蚀性破坏问题。利用分子动力学模拟分析了C-S-H灰浆与砂岩之间的界面相互作用，揭示了C-S-H与矿物相界面处氢键对粘附的关键作用。在环境条件下由Ca(OH)/硅灰混合物原位合成具有网状结构的C-S-H时，本工作系统研究了钙硅比（C/S）和水灰比对基于C-S-H的灰浆力学性能和孔隙结构的影响。当C/S比为0.8、水灰比为2.0、胶凝材料与骨料比为1:3且聚羧酸高效减水剂含量为4 wt%时，可获得最佳的力学和物理性能。实验室规模的实验证实了其与砂岩具有优异的相容性，为北山石窟提供了一种潜在的有效灌浆解决方案，并强调了材料相容性在文物保护中的重要性。这种涵盖材料设计、合成、表征和界面分析的综合方法，为开发适用于各种应用的定制粘结剂提供了一个强大的框架。
