Iula Gabriella, Miglione Antonella, Kalligosfyri Panagiota M, Spinelli Michele, Amoresano Angela, Di Natale Concetta, Darwish Ibrahim A, Cinti Stefano
Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy.
Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", 80126, Naples, Italy.
Anal Bioanal Chem. 2025 May 9. doi: 10.1007/s00216-025-05905-0.
Real-time monitoring of sweat lactate provides valuable physiological insights for assessing exercise outcomes and athletic performance. Conventional lactate detection methods, while sensitive, often lack portability and real-time capability for use in wearable or in-body applications. To address these limitations, electrochemical biosensing has emerged as a leading approach, enabling non-invasive and real-time analysis. Wearable devices which integrate lactate-specific enzymes with electrochemical transducers might provide efficient solutions for continuous monitoring. In this study, a wearable lactate biosensor was developed using custom screen-printed electrodes modified with a bio-hybrid probe comprising Prussian blue, carbon black, and lactate oxidase. All the key experimental parameters were optimized, and a detection limit of 60 µM and a linearity up to 20 mM were obtained. A filter paper-based strip was incorporated to enhance sweat collection and serve as the real sample collector by exploiting its porosity: this configuration allowed a satisfactory repeatability of 6%. The system was validated using real sweat samples, highlighting a quantitative correlation (94-103%) with LC-MS/MS measurements. The biosensor was integrated onto a 3D-printed thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) armband, designed for a customizable and comfortable fit, ensuring effective sweat collection and transport. This low-cost, wearable system represents a significant step forward in non-invasive, continuous, and personalized health monitoring, providing a practical tool for tracking physiological parameters in real-time.
实时监测汗液中的乳酸可为评估运动效果和运动表现提供有价值的生理见解。传统的乳酸检测方法虽然灵敏，但往往缺乏可穿戴或体内应用所需的便携性和实时检测能力。为了解决这些局限性，电化学生物传感已成为一种领先的方法，能够进行非侵入性实时分析。将乳酸特异性酶与电化学传感器集成的可穿戴设备可能为连续监测提供有效的解决方案。在本研究中，利用包含普鲁士蓝、炭黑和乳酸氧化酶的生物杂交探针修饰的定制丝网印刷电极，开发了一种可穿戴乳酸生物传感器。对所有关键实验参数进行了优化，获得了60 μM的检测限和高达20 mM的线性范围。通过利用滤纸的孔隙率，加入了基于滤纸的条带以增强汗液收集并作为实际样品收集器：这种配置实现了6%的令人满意的重复性。使用实际汗液样本对该系统进行了验证，结果表明与液相色谱-串联质谱（LC-MS/MS）测量具有定量相关性（94-103%）。该生物传感器被集成到一个3D打印的热塑性聚氨酯（TPU）臂带上，该臂带设计得可定制且佩戴舒适，确保了有效的汗液收集和传输。这种低成本的可穿戴系统代表了无创、连续和个性化健康监测方面的重大进步，为实时跟踪生理参数提供了一种实用工具。
