Carelli Maria, Maguolo Alice, Zusi Chiara, Olivieri Francesca, Emiliani Federica, De Grandi Gelinda, Unali Ilaria, Zerman Nicoletta, Signoretto Caterina, Maffeis Claudio
Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, Microbiology Section, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy.
School of Health Statistics and Biometrics, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy.
Microorganisms. 2023 Mar 6;11(3):668. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11030668.
The oral microbiota can be influenced by multiple factors, but only a few studies have focused on the role of glycemic control in determining early alterations of oral microbiota and their association with pathogenesis of both periodontitis and caries. The aim of this study is to evaluate the interplay between bacteria composition, oral hygiene, and glycemic control in a cohort of children with T1D. A total of 89 T1D children were enrolled (62% males, mean age: 12.6 ± 2.2 years). Physical and clinical characteristics, glucometabolic parameters, insulin treatment, and oral hygiene habits data were collected. Microbiological analysis was performed from saliva samples. A high prevalence of cariogenic and periodontopathogens bacteria in our cohort was detected. In particular, in all subjects spp., , , and spp. were isolated. was found in about half of the analyzed sample (49.4%), in particular in patients with imbalance values of glycemic control. Moreover, a higher presence of both and spp. was detected in subjects with poorer glycemic control, in terms of HbA1c, %TIR and %TAR, even adjusting for age, sex, and hygiene habits as covariates. Virtuous oral hygiene habits, such as frequency of toothbrush changes and professional oral hygiene, negatively correlated with the simultaneous presence of , , and , red complex bacteria. Our study shows it is crucial to pay attention to glycemic control and regular oral hygiene to prevent the establishment of an oral microbiota predisposing to dental and periodontal pathology in subjects with T1D since childhood.
口腔微生物群会受到多种因素的影响，但只有少数研究关注血糖控制在决定口腔微生物群早期变化及其与牙周炎和龋齿发病机制关联方面的作用。本研究的目的是评估1型糖尿病（T1D）儿童队列中细菌组成、口腔卫生和血糖控制之间的相互作用。共纳入89名T1D儿童（62%为男性，平均年龄：12.6±2.2岁）。收集了身体和临床特征、糖代谢参数、胰岛素治疗情况以及口腔卫生习惯数据。对唾液样本进行了微生物学分析。在我们的队列中检测到致龋菌和牙周病原菌的高流行率。特别是，在所有受试者中分离出了 菌属、 菌属、 菌属和 菌属。在约一半的分析样本（49.4%）中发现了 菌，尤其是在血糖控制值失衡的患者中。此外，在血糖控制较差的受试者中，无论以糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、血糖目标范围内时间百分比（%TIR）和血糖波动幅度平均值（%TAR）衡量，即使将年龄、性别和卫生习惯作为协变量进行调整，也检测到 菌属和 菌属的存在比例更高。良好的口腔卫生习惯，如更换牙刷的频率和专业口腔卫生护理，与 菌属、 菌属和 菌属（红色复合体细菌）的同时存在呈负相关。我们的研究表明，自儿童期起就关注血糖控制和定期口腔卫生对于预防T1D患者建立易导致牙齿和牙周病变的口腔微生物群至关重要。
