Etaio I, Manso T, Pérez-Elortondo F J, Gallardo B, Larrasoain L, Ruiz Mantecón A, Lavín P, Barron L J R
Laboratorio de Análisis Sensorial Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (LASEHU), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Centro de investigación Lascaray Ikergunea, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Lactiker Research Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
E.T.S.I. Agrarias, Universidad de Valladolid (UVa), 34004, Palencia, Spain.
J Dairy Sci. 2025 Jul;108(7):6882-6894. doi: 10.3168/jds.2025-26494. Epub 2025 May 9.
Influence of information provided about the product on sensory perception was studied with consumers of sheep milk cheese. A group of 109 consumers from Vitoria-Gasteiz (Basque Country) and 115 consumers from Palencia (Castile and Leon) evaluated 2 cheeses from the Basque Country and 2 cheeses from Castile and Leon to rate their acceptability and to describe them by the "check all that apply" (CATA) method. Each cheese was evaluated 3 times throughout 2 sessions, presented with different codes and claims: the first time without information and, later, presented as cheese of milk from sheep in a grazing system and from sheep in nongrazing system, in a balanced design to avoid presentation bias. Acceptability scores were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's honestly significant difference test to study the effect of the information provided, the origin of the cheese, the origin of the consumers, and the consumers' attitude for sustainability (they were previously classified as low-medium or high sensitivity toward sustainability). The CATA data were analyzed by Cochran's Q test to study the terms discriminating among samples and correspondence analysis was run to display a plot with samples and descriptive terms. Providing information about grazing or nongrazing system had an effect on acceptability of sheep cheeses. Samples presented as from sheep in a nongrazing system had lower acceptability but samples presented as from sheep in a grazing system did not receive higher acceptability scores than samples without information about grazing or nongrazing systems. These effects were observed in both consumers with low-medium and high sensitivity to sustainability, and among consumers from both locations. Differences in acceptability toward specific cheeses were observed between the 2 cities where the tests were run, and a possible familiarity effect among consumers from Palencia was observed, with a trend to score better cheeses from Castile and Leon. Perceived sensory characteristics were not influenced by the information provided, but samples presented from a nongrazing system were associated with "seems industrial," whereas "seems handmade" and "seems natural" are close to samples presented as from grazing systems and without information about the grazing system. These findings suggest that informing the consumers about the sheep management can be of interest in cheeses made with milk from animals in a grazing system, whatever the consumers' sensitivity to sustainability is. Also, possible differences in liking due to familiarity with the product should be considered.
研究了向绵羊奶酪消费者提供的产品信息对感官认知的影响。来自维多利亚 - 加斯泰斯(巴斯克地区)的109名消费者和来自帕伦西亚(卡斯蒂利亚 - 莱昂)的115名消费者对来自巴斯克地区的2种奶酪和来自卡斯蒂利亚 - 莱昂的2种奶酪进行了评估,以评定其可接受性,并通过“勾选所有适用项”(CATA)方法对其进行描述。每种奶酪在2个阶段中被评估3次,呈现不同的编码和描述:第一次不提供信息,之后分别呈现为来自放牧系统绵羊的奶制成的奶酪和来自非放牧系统绵羊的奶制成的奶酪,采用平衡设计以避免呈现偏差。通过方差分析(ANOVA)和图基氏真实显著差异检验分析可接受性得分,以研究所提供信息、奶酪产地、消费者产地以及消费者对可持续性的态度(他们之前被分类为对可持续性低 - 中等或高敏感度)的影响。通过 Cochr an's Q检验分析CATA数据,以研究区分样本的术语,并进行对应分析以展示样本和描述性术语的图表。提供有关放牧或非放牧系统的信息对绵羊奶酪的可接受性有影响。呈现为来自非放牧系统绵羊的奶制成的奶酪样本可接受性较低,但呈现为来自放牧系统绵羊的奶制成的奶酪样本的可接受性得分并不高于未提供放牧或非放牧系统信息的样本。在对可持续性低 - 中等敏感度和高敏感度的消费者中以及来自两个地点的消费者中均观察到了这些影响。在进行测试的两个城市之间,观察到对特定奶酪的可接受性存在差异,并且在来自帕伦西亚的消费者中观察到了一种可能的熟悉度效应,他们对来自卡斯蒂利亚 - 莱昂的奶酪评分有更高的趋势。感知到的感官特征不受所提供信息的影响,但呈现为来自非放牧系统的样本与“看起来工业化”相关联,而“看起来手工制作”和“看起来天然”与呈现为来自放牧系统的样本以及未提供放牧系统信息的样本相关。这些发现表明,无论消费者对可持续性的敏感度如何,向消费者告知绵羊的管理方式对于用来自放牧系统动物的奶制成的奶酪可能是有意义的。此外,应考虑由于对产品的熟悉度而导致的喜好差异。