Sevcikova Tomaskova Zuzana, Mackova Katarina
Department of Biophysics and Electrophysiology, Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
Front Physiol. 2025 Apr 25;16:1576133. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2025.1576133. eCollection 2025.
The transverse-axial tubular system (TATS) is the extension of sarcolemma growing to the cell interior, providing sufficient calcium signaling to induce calcium release from sarcoplasmic reticulum cisternae and stimulate the contraction of neighboring myofibrils. Interestingly, the development of TATS is delayed and matures during the period. It starts with small invaginations near the sarcolemma, proceeding to grow an irregular network that is later assembled into the notably transversally oriented tubular network. Accumulating evidence supports the idea that the development of TATS is linked to cell dimensions, calcium signaling, and increasing myofibrillar content orchestrated by electromechanical stimulation. However, the overall mechanism has not yet been described. The topic of this review is the development of TATS with an emphasis on the irregular phase of tubule growth. The traditional models of BIN1-related tubulation are also discussed. We summarized the recently described protein interactions during TATS development, mainly mediated by costameric and sarcomeric proteins, supporting the idea of the coupling sites between TATS and the myofibrils. We hypothesize that the formation and final organization of the tubular system is driven by the simultaneous development of the contractile apparatus under cycling electromechanical stimulus.
横-轴管状系统（TATS）是肌膜向细胞内部生长的延伸部分，可提供足够的钙信号，以诱导肌浆网池释放钙，并刺激相邻肌原纤维的收缩。有趣的是，TATS的发育在此期间延迟并成熟。它始于肌膜附近的小凹陷，进而发展成不规则网络，随后组装成明显横向排列的管状网络。越来越多的证据支持这样一种观点，即TATS的发育与细胞大小、钙信号以及由机电刺激精心安排的肌原纤维含量增加有关。然而，其整体机制尚未得到描述。本综述的主题是TATS的发育，重点是小管生长的不规则阶段。还讨论了与BIN1相关的微管形成的传统模型。我们总结了最近描述的TATS发育过程中的蛋白质相互作用，主要由肌附着蛋白和肌节蛋白介导，支持TATS与肌原纤维之间耦合位点的观点。我们假设管状系统的形成和最终组织是由循环机电刺激下收缩装置的同步发育驱动的。
