Zhang Yihong, Li Jin, Wang Yan
School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China.
School of Physical Education, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou, China.
Medicine (Baltimore). 2025 May 9;104(19):e42346. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000042346.
The specific effects of different exercises on cardiovascular health remain unclear. This study aimed to compare the effects of acute anaerobic threshold intensity continuous exercise (ATE), high-intensity interval training (HIIT), and stepwise incremental exercise (SIE) on heart rate variability (HRV) and vascular endothelial function in sedentary college students.
Thirty-five sedentary students were randomized to the ATE group (20.6 ± 2.4 years), the HIIT group (21.7 ± 4.2 years), or the SIE group (21.2 ± 2.8 years). Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation was measured at 10 and 30 minutes after exercise. HRV was measured within 35 minutes postexercise.
It showed that the normalized low frequency postexercise was lower than baseline in the ATE group (P < .05). Flow-mediated dilation was decreased (P = .006) 30 minutes after exercise (6.4 ± 2.2%) compared to baseline (8.1 ± 1.4%) in the HIIT group and increased (+1.4%) in the ATE group with no statistical difference (P > .05). Significant correlations were detected between HRV frequency domain indices and brachial artery baseline diameter (P < .05).
Acute HIIT impairs vascular function 30 minutes after exercise, whereas acute ATE improves vascular function 10 minutes after exercise. Changes in vascular function may be related to changes in autonomic nervous system activity induced by acute exercise.
不同运动对心血管健康的具体影响尚不清楚。本研究旨在比较急性无氧阈强度持续运动（ATE）、高强度间歇训练（HIIT）和逐步递增运动（SIE）对久坐不动的大学生心率变异性（HRV）和血管内皮功能的影响。
35名久坐不动的学生被随机分为ATE组（20.6±2.4岁）、HIIT组（21.7±4.2岁）或SIE组（21.2±2.8岁）。在运动后10分钟和30分钟测量肱动脉血流介导的舒张功能。在运动后35分钟内测量HRV。
结果显示，ATE组运动后标准化低频低于基线（P<0.05）。与基线（8.1±1.4%）相比，HIIT组运动后30分钟血流介导的舒张功能降低（P=0.006）（6.4±2.2%），ATE组增加（+1.4%），无统计学差异（P>0.05）。HRV频域指标与肱动脉基线直径之间存在显著相关性（P<0.05）。
急性HIIT运动后30分钟会损害血管功能，而急性ATE运动后10分钟会改善血管功能。血管功能的变化可能与急性运动引起的自主神经系统活动变化有关。
