Vieira Carlos, Ramanathan Ravishankar, Cabello Adán
Department of Computer Science, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
Instituto de Matemática, Estatística e Computação Científica, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, CEP 13083-859, Campinas, Brazil.
Nat Commun. 2025 May 12;16(1):4390. doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-59247-7.
Loophole-free violations of Bell inequalities imply that at least one of the assumptions behind local hidden-variable theories must fail. Here, we show that, if only one fails, then it has to fail completely, therefore excluding models that partially constrain freedom of choice or allow for partial retrocausal influences, or allow partial instantaneous actions at a distance. Specifically, we show that (i) any hidden-variable theory with outcome independence (OI) and arbitrary joint relaxation of measurement independence (MI) and parameter independence (PI) can be experimentally excluded in a Bell-like experiment with many settings on high-dimensional entangled states, and (ii) any hidden-variable theory with MI, PI and arbitrary relaxation of OI can be excluded in a Bell-like experiment with many settings on qubit-qubit entangled states.
无漏洞违反贝尔不等式意味着局域隐变量理论背后的至少一个假设必定不成立。在此，我们表明，如果只有一个假设不成立，那么它必定是完全不成立，从而排除了部分限制选择自由、允许部分逆因果影响或允许部分远距离瞬时作用的模型。具体而言，我们表明：（i）在一个针对高维纠缠态具有多个设置的类贝尔实验中，可以通过实验排除任何具有结果独立性（OI）以及测量独立性（MI）和参数独立性（PI）任意联合松弛的隐变量理论；（ii）在一个针对量子比特 - 量子比特纠缠态具有多个设置的类贝尔实验中，可以排除任何具有MI、PI以及OI任意松弛的隐变量理论。
