Lu Chu-Sheng, Lai Jia-Jun, Fan Xian-Ting, Liang Kai-Ming, Yin Yuan-Hong, Ye Qun-Huan, Shen Hong, Fu You-Qiang
Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
Guangdong Key Laboratory of Science and Technology in Rice, Guangzhou, China.
Front Plant Sci. 2025 Apr 28;16:1568383. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2025.1568383. eCollection 2025.
Do rice cultivars prefer ammonium or nitrate? Understanding this preference is key to optimizing nitrogen use efficiency in rice production. Ammonium and nitrate are crucial for plant nitrogen nutrition, as rice cultivars exhibit varying preferences. However, few studies have classified ammonium and nitrate preferences within cultivars.
For the first time, this study classifies rice cultivars based on their ammonium and nitrate preferences, revealing significant differences in biomass production under various nitrogen treatments. This study investigated the effects of ammonium-only nutrition (100:0), ammonium-nitrate mixed nutrition (75:25), and nitrate-only nutrition (0:100) on the maximum root length, shoot length, SPAD value, and biomass of 24 widely cultivated cultivars in South China.
Compared to ammonium-only nutrition, a mixed ammonium-nitrate treatment significantly boosted root and shoot growth, while nitrate-only nutrition led to a decline in chlorophyll content. Compared with the 100:0 treatment, the maximum root length, shoot length, root dry weight, shoot dry weight, and total dry weight in the 75:25 treatment significantly increased by 29.85%, 4.11%, 7.65%, 1.71% and 3.03% (p < 0.01), respectively; and the SPAD value in the 0:100 treatment significantly decreased by 4.22% ( < 0.01).
These results demonstrate distinct responses of rice cultivars to different nitrogen treatments. Through correlation, principal component, and cluster analyses, the rice cultivars were categorized into three types: ammonium-preferring type (APT), ammonium- and nitrate-preferring type (ANPT), and nitrate-preferring type (NPT). The APT, ANPT, and NPT showed the highest biomass in the 100:0, 75:25, and 0:100 treatments, respectively, with the biomass in the ANPT significantly exceeding that of the APT ( < 0.01). These insights provide a foundation for breeding high-yield rice, optimizing nitrogen fertilizer strategies, and improving nitrogen use efficiency in sustainable agriculture.
水稻品种更偏好铵态氮还是硝态氮？了解这种偏好是优化水稻生产中氮素利用效率的关键。铵态氮和硝态氮对植物氮素营养至关重要，因为不同水稻品种表现出不同的偏好。然而，很少有研究对品种内的铵态氮和硝态氮偏好进行分类。
本研究首次根据水稻品种对铵态氮和硝态氮的偏好进行分类，揭示了在不同氮处理下生物量生产的显著差异。本研究调查了仅铵态氮营养（100:0）、铵态氮 - 硝态氮混合营养（75:25）和仅硝态氮营养（0:100）对中国南方广泛种植的24个品种的最大根长、地上部长度、SPAD值和生物量的影响。
与仅铵态氮营养相比，铵态氮 - 硝态氮混合处理显著促进了根和地上部的生长，而仅硝态氮营养导致叶绿素含量下降。与100:0处理相比，75:25处理中的最大根长、地上部长度、根干重、地上部干重和总干重分别显著增加了29.85%、4.11%、7.65%、1.71%和3.03%（p < 0.01）；0:100处理中的SPAD值显著下降了4.22%（p < 0.01）。
这些结果表明水稻品种对不同氮处理有明显的反应。通过相关性、主成分和聚类分析，水稻品种被分为三种类型：铵偏好型（APT）、铵和硝偏好型（ANPT）和硝偏好型（NPT）。APT、ANPT和NPT分别在100:0、75:25和0:100处理中表现出最高的生物量，ANPT中的生物量显著超过APT（p < 0.01）。这些见解为培育高产水稻、优化氮肥策略以及提高可持续农业中的氮素利用效率提供了基础。
