Rampelli Simone, Pomstra Diederik, Barone Monica, Fabbrini Marco, Turroni Silvia, Candela Marco, Henry Amanda G
Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
Department of Archaeological Sciences, Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Sci Rep. 2025 May 13;15(1):16593. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-00319-5.
The gut microbiome (GM) is implicated in human health and varies among lifestyles. So-called "traditional" diets have been suggested to promote health-associated taxa. However, most studies focused only on diets including domesticated foods. Historically, humans consumed only wild foods, which might uniquely shape GM composition. We explored the impact of a wild-food-only diet on GM, particularly whether it increases the presence of health-associated and/or "old friend" taxa, and if the alterations to GM are persistent or transient. One participant collected daily fecal samples and recorded daily food consumption over an eight-week period, the middle four weeks of which he consumed only wild foods. Samples were profiled by 16S rRNA sequencing, and oligotyping and network analysis were conducted to assess microbial co-occurrence patterns. A wild-food-only diet considerably alters the composition of the GM, and the magnitude of the changes is larger than that observed in other diet interventions. No new taxa, including "old friends" appeared; instead, the proportions of already-present taxa shifted. Network analysis revealed distinct microbial co-abundance groups restructuring across dietary phases. There is a clear successional shift from the pre-, during- and post-wild-food-only diet. This analysis highlighted structural and functional shifts in microbial interactions, underscoring diet's role in shaping the gut ecosystem.
肠道微生物群（GM）与人类健康相关，且因生活方式不同而有所差异。所谓的“传统”饮食被认为能促进与健康相关的微生物分类群的生长。然而，大多数研究仅关注包含驯化食物的饮食。从历史上看，人类只食用野生食物，这可能会独特地塑造肠道微生物群的组成。我们探究了仅食用野生食物的饮食对肠道微生物群的影响，特别是它是否会增加与健康相关和/或“老朋友”分类群的存在，以及肠道微生物群的变化是持久的还是短暂的。一名参与者在八周内每天收集粪便样本并记录每日食物摄入量，其中中间四周他只食用野生食物。通过16S rRNA测序对样本进行分析，并进行寡核苷酸分型和网络分析以评估微生物共生模式。仅食用野生食物的饮食会显著改变肠道微生物群的组成，且变化幅度大于其他饮食干预中观察到的幅度。没有出现新的分类群，包括“老朋友”分类群；相反，已有分类群的比例发生了变化。网络分析揭示了不同的微生物共丰度组在不同饮食阶段的重组。从仅食用野生食物的饮食前、饮食期间到饮食后有明显的演替变化。该分析突出了微生物相互作用中的结构和功能变化，强调了饮食在塑造肠道生态系统中的作用。
