Badillo-Sánchez Nadine, Morgado-Toscano Cristina, Allande-Cussó Regina, Gómez-Salgado Juan, Yıldırım Murat, Goniewicz Krzysztof, Macías-Toronjo Israel, Fagundo-Rivera Javier
School of Doctorate, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain.
Department of Nursing, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain.
Healthcare (Basel). 2025 May 4;13(9):1058. doi: 10.3390/healthcare13091058.
: The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on nursing students by intertwining academic demands with health concerns, a situation that had effects on their emotional well-being and academic engagement. Factors such as sociodemographic characteristics and health status determined their experiences. Understanding these dynamics is crucial, especially in the context of the Spanish health and education systems. The present study aimed to adapt and assess the psychometric properties of the AMICO scale in the context of nursing students in Spain. : Cross-sectional descriptive study. The study was carried out in University Nursing Centers in Spain using a non-probabilistic snowball sampling method. The total sample consisted of 1197 nursing students. Sociodemographic variables were included, as well as questions related to general health and some more specific questions about COVID-19. For the reliability study, Cronbach's alpha was calculated. An exploratory factor analysis using principal components and varimax rotation was applied, excluding items with loadings below 0.05. : In this study, 1197 nursing students residing in Spain participated, of whom 85% were female, with a mean age of 22.35 years. Despite 73.9% of the students being isolated due to exposure to COVID-19, they rated their general health positively (7.86). Females reported higher levels of anxiety. The AMICO scale revealed significant differences according to gender, health, and vaccination history, showing high reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.913). : The two-factor structure of the AMICO scale was validated, confirming its suitability for assessing anxiety and fear among nursing students in Spain. The study revealed significant emotional distress during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly among women, high-risk individuals, and those fully vaccinated. These findings accentuate the need for higher education institutions to implement targeted mental health interventions during public health emergencies. Future longitudinal research should examine the evolving psychological impact of such crises and the mitigating roles of quality of life, sleep, and physical activity.
新冠疫情通过将学术要求与健康担忧交织在一起，对护理专业学生产生了重大影响，这种情况影响了他们的情绪健康和学业参与度。社会人口统计学特征和健康状况等因素决定了他们的经历。了解这些动态至关重要，尤其是在西班牙卫生和教育系统的背景下。本研究旨在在西班牙护理专业学生的背景下改编并评估AMICO量表的心理测量特性。：横断面描述性研究。该研究在西班牙的大学护理中心采用非概率滚雪球抽样方法进行。总样本包括1197名护理专业学生。纳入了社会人口统计学变量，以及与一般健康相关的问题和一些关于新冠疫情的更具体问题。对于信度研究，计算了克朗巴哈系数。应用主成分分析法和方差最大化旋转法进行探索性因素分析，排除载荷低于0.05的项目。：在本研究中，1197名居住在西班牙的护理专业学生参与其中，其中85%为女性，平均年龄为22.35岁。尽管73.9%的学生因接触新冠疫情而被隔离，但他们对自己的总体健康状况评价积极（7.86）。女性报告的焦虑水平更高。AMICO量表根据性别、健康状况和疫苗接种史显示出显著差异，具有较高的信度（克朗巴哈系数=0.913）。：AMICO量表的双因素结构得到验证，证实其适用于评估西班牙护理专业学生的焦虑和恐惧。该研究揭示了新冠疫情期间显著的情绪困扰，尤其是在女性、高危人群和那些完全接种疫苗的人群中。这些发现凸显了高等教育机构在公共卫生紧急情况期间实施有针对性的心理健康干预措施的必要性。未来的纵向研究应考察此类危机不断演变的心理影响以及生活质量、睡眠和体育活动的缓解作用。
