Polisar John, Hoogesteijn Rafael, Hoogesteijn Almira, Viana Diego Francis Passos, Chinchilla Valdiviezo Skarleth Johana, Valderrama Vásquez Carlos, Devlin Allison Loretta, Arias Herrera Ranni José, Babola Margaux, Bauer Frederick, Cassaigne Guasco Ivonne, Chang Chia Yu, Corrales Gutiérrez Daniel, De la Torre J Antonio, Del Toro-Orozco Wezddy, Kotz Aline, Larsen Duston, Lodeiro Ocampo Nicolás, Monzón Daniel, Morante Ascanio Carmen Angélica, Ortiz-Hoyos Ricardo Daniel, Perovic Pablo Gastón, Porfirio Grasiela Edith de Oliviero, Puerto Carrillo María Fernanda, Raad Paul, Reginato Thiago, Serna Yina Paola, Sillero-Zubiri Claudio, Villalba Laura, Ziller Armand
Center for Biodiversity, Department of Environment and Development, Zamorano University Pan-American Agricultural School, Tegucigalpa P.O. Box 93, Honduras.
Panthera, New York, NY 10018, USA.
Animals (Basel). 2025 Apr 28;15(9):1247. doi: 10.3390/ani15091247.
The current range of the jaguar () spans sixty degrees of latitude across eighteen countries in the Western Hemisphere and covers approximately 7,000,000 km. Throughout this geographical breadth, jaguars represent an essential component of native biological diversity, but conflict revolving around real and perceived jaguar depredation on livestock is a factor in jaguar mortality. We developed a structured questionnaire to evaluate the effectiveness of anti-depredation strategies from northern Mexico to Argentina, collecting data from 11 countries and 248 livestock operations, 194 with efficacy metrics, and 24 with benefit-cost ratios (value of the livestock losses averted/cost of the intervention). Using coarse categories, 11 intervention types were tested. Techniques effectively reducing livestock losses were documented across the entire livestock operation size (2-130,000 ha, 5-30,000 head) and biome spectrum. While the techniques varied in complexity and required levels of investment, successful reductions in depredation were achieved at all levels. We conclude that anti-depredation strategies are highly effective, and when benefits are evaluated, they surpass costs, sometimes substantially. Given the proven efficacy and cost-effectiveness of the techniques described in this paper, we advocate for broader application across the species range to increase tolerance towards jaguars and a more effective human-jaguar coexistence.
美洲豹（）目前的活动范围横跨西半球18个国家，纬度跨度达60度，覆盖面积约700万平方公里。在这片广阔的地理区域内，美洲豹是当地生物多样性的重要组成部分，但围绕美洲豹对家畜实际或感知到的捕食行为所产生的冲突，是导致美洲豹死亡的一个因素。我们设计了一份结构化问卷，以评估从墨西哥北部到阿根廷的防捕食策略的有效性，从11个国家的248个畜牧场收集数据，其中194个有成效指标数据，24个有成本效益比数据（避免的家畜损失价值/干预成本）。我们使用粗略的类别对11种干预类型进行了测试。在整个畜牧场规模范围（2 - 130000公顷，5 - 30000头）和生物群落范围内，都记录了有效减少家畜损失的技术。虽然这些技术在复杂性和所需投资水平上各不相同，但在各个层面都成功实现了捕食行为的减少。我们得出结论，防捕食策略非常有效，在评估效益时，其效益超过成本，有时超出幅度很大。鉴于本文所述技术已被证明有效且具有成本效益，我们主张在整个美洲豹分布范围内更广泛地应用这些技术，以提高对美洲豹的容忍度，并实现更有效的人类与美洲豹共存。
