Shi Mingyue, Li Wenxia, Yang Shuai, Lv Qipin, Yang Jingxian, Sun Di, Yang Guanqing, Zhao Yan, Zhang Wanfeng, Li Meng, Yang Yang, Cai Chunbo, Gao Pengfei, Guo Xiaohong, Li Bugao, Cao Guoqing
College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China.
Shanxi Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics Resource Utilization and Breeding, Jinzhong 030801, China.
Animals (Basel). 2025 Apr 30;15(9):1280. doi: 10.3390/ani15091280.
Chinese native pig breeds exhibit unique advantages over Western pig breeds, but the specific lipid metabolism mechanisms remain unclear. The phenotypic characteristics of Mashen (MS) pigs and Duroc × (Landrace × Yorkshire) (DLY) pigs are studied. The results show that MS pigs exhibit higher intramuscular fat (IMF) content. The area of adipocytes of MS pigs is significantly greater than that in DLY pigs ( < 0.01). Lipidomics analysis reveals distinct profiles in the upper layer of backfat (ULB), leaf lard (LL), greater omentum (GOM), and IMF, with MS pigs showing higher polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in ULB, LL, and GOM. Key differential lipids identified in the two pig breeds include the following triglycerides (TGs) and phosphatidylcholines (PC): TG(16:1_18:1_18:3), TG(18:1_18:2_18:3), TG(18:3_18:2_18:2), PC(18:0_18:1), and PC(18:0_18:2). Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) reveals lipid molecules associated with serum biochemical indices. Transcriptomics analysis highlights 1944 differentially expressed genes between the MS-ULB and DLY-ULB. Notably, multiple genes from the cytochrome P450 family (, , ), along with , , and multiple PCs, are associated with the metabolism of arachidonic acids and linoleic acids. and are also involved in the metabolism of α-linolenic acids. This comprehensive analysis provides essential information for breeding strategies and meat quality improvement.
中国本土猪种相对于西方猪种具有独特优势，但具体的脂质代谢机制尚不清楚。本研究对马身（MS）猪和杜洛克×（长白×大白）（DLY）猪的表型特征进行了研究。结果表明，MS猪的肌内脂肪（IMF）含量更高。MS猪的脂肪细胞面积显著大于DLY猪（<0.01）。脂质组学分析揭示了背膘上层（ULB）、板油（LL）、大网膜（GOM）和IMF中的不同脂质谱，MS猪在ULB、LL和GOM中显示出更高的多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）。在这两个猪种中鉴定出的关键差异脂质包括以下甘油三酯（TG）和磷脂酰胆碱（PC）：TG(16:1_18:1_18:3)、TG(18:1_18:2_18:3)、TG(18:3_18:2_18:2)、PC(18:0_18:1)和PC(18:0_18:2)。加权基因共表达网络分析（WGCNA）揭示了与血清生化指标相关的脂质分子。转录组学分析突出了MS - ULB和DLY - ULB之间1944个差异表达基因。值得注意的是，细胞色素P450家族的多个基因（，，）以及、和多个PC与花生四烯酸和亚油酸的代谢相关。和也参与α-亚麻酸的代谢。这一综合分析为育种策略和肉质改善提供了重要信息。
