Milczek-Haduch Dominika, Żmigrodzka Magdalena, Witkowska-Piłaszewicz Olga
Department of Large Animals Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 May 3;26(9):4359. doi: 10.3390/ijms26094359.
Significant systemic metabolic benefits result from even a single exercise session by activating multiple metabolic and signaling pathways within the organism. Among these mechanisms, extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a critical role by delivering their molecular cargo to neighboring or distant cells, thereby influencing cellular metabolism and function. As research progresses, EVs represent an exciting frontier in exercise science and fitness adaptation processes. There is increasing interest in understanding the physiology of EVs as signaling particles and their use as minimally invasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in the early detection of oxidative stress-related abnormalities. They also show potential to be used in monitoring exercise progress, injury prevention, or recovery, and may provide insights for personalized training programs. This review examines the current understanding of the role of physical activity in generating exercise-responsive EVs. It highlights the potential applications of EVs in exercise science and personalized fitness optimization, not only for human athletes but also for exercising animals such as horses. On the other hand, it also presents potential difficulties that researchers currently working on this topic may encounter due to technical limitations.
即使只是单次锻炼，通过激活机体内多种代谢和信号通路，也会产生显著的全身代谢益处。在这些机制中，细胞外囊泡（EVs）通过将其分子货物传递给邻近或远处的细胞，从而影响细胞代谢和功能，发挥着关键作用。随着研究的进展，细胞外囊泡在运动科学和健身适应过程中代表着一个令人兴奋的前沿领域。人们越来越有兴趣了解细胞外囊泡作为信号颗粒的生理学特性，以及它们在早期检测氧化应激相关异常中作为微创诊断和预后生物标志物的用途。它们还显示出用于监测运动进展、预防损伤或恢复的潜力，并可能为个性化训练计划提供见解。这篇综述探讨了目前对体育活动在产生运动反应性细胞外囊泡中所起作用的理解。它强调了细胞外囊泡在运动科学和个性化健身优化中的潜在应用，不仅适用于人类运动员，也适用于像马这样的运动动物。另一方面，它也提出了目前从事该主题研究的人员可能由于技术限制而遇到的潜在困难。
