Obaid Saleh Raed, Saleh Ebraheem Abdu Musad, Moharam M M, Uthirapathy Subasini, Ballal Suhas, Singh Abhayveer, Nanda Anima, Ray Subhashree, Nasir Abdul Kareem, Kaurshead Rzaq Shailaan
Department of Medical Laboratories Techniques, College of Health and Medical Techniques, University of Al Maarif Al Anbar 31001 Iraq.
Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University Al-Kharj 11942 Saudi Arabia
RSC Adv. 2025 May 14;15(20):15919-15939. doi: 10.1039/d5ra00474h. eCollection 2025 May 12.
Nowadays, single-atom nanozymes (SAzymes) and single-atom catalysts (SACs) have flourished in the field of catalysis owing to their high catalytic performance and exceptional atom utilization efficiency, thereby enhancing biosensing capabilities. In comparison to natural enzymes, SAzymes offer several advantages, including cost-effectiveness, ease of production, and robust catalytic activity, making them highly promising for biosensing applications. Notably, SAzymes demonstrate superior catalytic efficiency and selectivity compared with traditional nanozymes. In this context, this review delineates the enzyme-like characteristics of SAzymes aimed at enhancing food safety, with a focus on the primary factors that influence their catalytic efficacy. The discussion has been expanded to include the use of SAzymes for screening various pesticide residues, particularly organophosphate pesticides (OPPs), carbamates, acetamiprid, pyrethroids, and other pesticide types, which are present in agricultural food products. These applications are realized because of the exceptional properties of single-atom structures, including enhanced reaction kinetics, high active site density, and tunable electronic properties. The integration of SAzymes into sensing platforms holds great potential for the development of cost-effective, sensitive, and reliable tools for the real-time monitoring of pesticide residues. Finally, this paper highlights the current challenges and outlines potential opportunities for the advancement of SAzyme-based biosensing technologies.
如今，单原子纳米酶（SAzymes）和单原子催化剂（SACs）因其高催化性能和卓越的原子利用效率在催化领域蓬勃发展，从而增强了生物传感能力。与天然酶相比，单原子纳米酶具有多种优势，包括成本效益高、易于生产和强大的催化活性，使其在生物传感应用中极具前景。值得注意的是，与传统纳米酶相比，单原子纳米酶表现出卓越的催化效率和选择性。在此背景下，本综述阐述了单原子纳米酶的类酶特性，旨在提高食品安全，重点关注影响其催化功效的主要因素。讨论范围已扩大到包括使用单原子纳米酶筛选各种农药残留，特别是存在于农产品中的有机磷农药（OPPs）、氨基甲酸酯类、啶虫脒、拟除虫菊酯类和其他农药类型。这些应用的实现得益于单原子结构的特殊性质，包括增强的反应动力学、高活性位点密度和可调节的电子性质。将单原子纳米酶集成到传感平台中，对于开发用于实时监测农药残留的经济高效、灵敏且可靠的工具具有巨大潜力。最后，本文强调了当前的挑战，并概述了基于单原子纳米酶的生物传感技术进步的潜在机遇。
