Liu Qianqian, Bi Qi, Liu Siyu, Xiu Yuexin, Wang Fuzhen, Yin Zundong, Liu Xiaoxue
National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID), National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
China CDC Wkly. 2025 Apr 25;7(17):561-567. doi: 10.46234/ccdcw2025.094.
Measles, mumps, and rubella remain significant global health threats despite being vaccine-preventable diseases. The World Health Organization aims to achieve regional elimination of measles and rubella by 2030, yet substantial disparities in vaccination coverage and disease incidence persist across regions. We analyzed global vaccination and disease data to provide evidence for optimizing immunization strategies.
The study analyzed World Health Organization data on measles, mumps, and rubella from 2014-2023. Our analysis included vaccine types, recommended vaccination schedules, coverage rates, supplemental immunization activities, and disease incidence. We employed descriptive epidemiological methods for data synthesis and analysis.
All countries implemented ≥1 measles-containing vaccine dose, with 190 (97.9%) countries using a ≥2-dose schedule. Global 2nd dose of measles-containing vaccine coverage increased from 59% to 74% during the study period. High-income regions maintained >90% coverage, while the African Region reported the lowest coverage (70% for the 1st dose and 49% for the 2nd dose of measles-containing vaccine). Supplemental immunization activities helped address coverage gaps but required integration with routine immunization systems. Rubella vaccine was implemented in 90.2% of countries, while mumps vaccine adoption remained lower at 63.9%. The African Region experienced high incidence rates for both measles (551.8 per million) and rubella (21.9 per million). The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted vaccination coverage (3%-5% decline globally), with the African Region experiencing a post-pandemic U-shaped resurgence in cases. China's transition to the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine has reduced mumps incidence to below 100 cases per million by 2020.
While global control of measles, mumps, and rubella has progressed, inequities in vaccination coverage and pandemic-related disruptions threaten elimination goals. Strengthening routine immunization systems is critical. Achieving the World Health Organization's 2030 targets will require sustained investment in health systems and implementation of equity-focused innovations.
麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹尽管是可通过疫苗预防的疾病，但仍然是全球重大的健康威胁。世界卫生组织的目标是到2030年在区域层面消除麻疹和风疹，然而各区域在疫苗接种覆盖率和疾病发病率方面仍存在巨大差异。我们分析了全球疫苗接种和疾病数据，以提供优化免疫策略的证据。
该研究分析了世界卫生组织2014 - 2023年关于麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹的数据。我们的分析包括疫苗类型、推荐的疫苗接种时间表、覆盖率、补充免疫活动以及疾病发病率。我们采用描述性流行病学方法进行数据综合和分析。
所有国家都实施了至少1剂含麻疹疫苗接种，190个（97.9%）国家采用了至少2剂的接种方案。在研究期间，全球含麻疹疫苗第2剂接种覆盖率从59%提高到了74%。高收入地区的覆盖率保持在90%以上，而非洲地区报告的覆盖率最低（含麻疹疫苗第1剂为70%，第2剂为49%）。补充免疫活动有助于弥补覆盖率差距，但需要与常规免疫系统相结合。90.2%的国家实施了风疹疫苗接种，而腮腺炎疫苗的接种率较低，为63.9%。非洲地区麻疹（每百万人口551.8例）和风疹（每百万人口21.9例）的发病率都很高。新冠疫情扰乱了疫苗接种覆盖率（全球下降了3% - 5%），非洲地区在疫情后病例出现了U型反弹。中国向麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹联合疫苗的转变使腮腺炎发病率在2020年降至每百万人口100例以下。
虽然全球对麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹的控制取得了进展，但疫苗接种覆盖率的不平等以及与疫情相关的干扰威胁着消除目标的实现。加强常规免疫系统至关重要。要实现世界卫生组织的2030年目标，需要对卫生系统进行持续投资，并实施以公平为重点的创新措施。
