Vahid Farhad, Wilk Piotr, Bohn Torsten
Nutrition and Health Research Group, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1A, B Edison, Strassen, L-1445, Luxembourg.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
Aging Clin Exp Res. 2025 May 16;37(1):157. doi: 10.1007/s40520-025-03058-9.
Hypertension, a major concern for older adults, contributes to morbidity and mortality by increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke, kidney dysfunction, and cognitive decline. A healthy diet plays a vital role in limiting chronic disease progression in aging populations.
This study investigated the association between diet quality and healthy aging, focusing on blood pressure measurements (BPMs), using the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA).
Participants aged 45-85 years at baseline were followed for up to nine years. Mediterranean diet score (MDS) was determined based on the validated short diet questionnaire (SDQ). BP and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were measured at baseline (2010), follow-up 1 (2015), and follow-up 2 (2018). Linear regression models (LRMs), linear mixed-effects models (LMMs), and latent change score models (LCSMs) examined the associations and longitudinal effect between MDS and BPMs, adjusted for potential confounders. Individuals who participated in all three waves (n = 25,377) were included.
Fully adjusted LRMs showed significant (p < 0.001) inverse associations between MDS and all BPMs across all time points, e.g., 1 unit increase in the MDS (min0-max50) was associated with a 0.058 mmHg decrease of diastolic BP (DBP) (β=-0.058), 0.052 mmHg systolic BP (SBP) (β=-0.052), and 0.056 mmHg MAP (β=-0.056). LCSMs indicated that a 1-unit higher baseline MDS was significantly associated with 0.090 mmHg reductions in DBP at follow-up 2 (β=-0.090,p < 0.001), 0.078 mmHg for SBP (β=-0.078,p = 0.002) and 0.076 mmHg for MAP (β=-0.076,p = 0.003). Changes in MDS during follow-ups showed no consistent significant associations with BPMs at follow-up 1 or 2.
Higher MDS was associated with lower BPMs over time. This study highlights the role of diet quality in healthy aging and mitigating cardiometabolic risk in older adults.
高血压是老年人的主要担忧之一，它通过增加心血管疾病、中风、肾功能障碍和认知能力下降的风险，导致发病和死亡。健康饮食在限制老年人群慢性病进展方面起着至关重要的作用。
本研究利用加拿大老龄化纵向研究（CLSA），调查饮食质量与健康老龄化之间的关联，重点关注血压测量值（BPMs）。
对基线时年龄在45 - 85岁的参与者进行了长达九年的随访。地中海饮食评分（MDS）是根据经过验证的简短饮食问卷（SDQ）确定的。在基线（2010年）、随访1（2015年）和随访2（2018年）时测量血压和平均动脉压（MAP）。线性回归模型（LRMs）、线性混合效应模型（LMMs）和潜在变化分数模型（LCSMs）研究了MDS与BPMs之间的关联以及纵向效应，并对潜在混杂因素进行了调整。纳入了参加所有三个阶段的个体（n = 25377）。
完全调整后的LRMs显示，在所有时间点，MDS与所有BPMs之间存在显著（p < 0.001）的负相关，例如，MDS（最小值0 - 最大值50）增加1个单位与舒张压（DBP）降低0.058 mmHg（β = -0.058）、收缩压（SBP）降低0.052 mmHg（β = -0.052）和MAP降低0.056 mmHg（β = -0.056）相关。LCSMs表明，基线MDS每高1个单位，在随访2时DBP显著降低0.090 mmHg（β = -0.090，p < 0.001），SBP降低0.078 mmHg（β = -0.078，p = 0.002），MAP降低0.076 mmHg（β = -0.076，p = 0.003）。随访期间MDS的变化与随访1或2时的BPMs没有一致的显著关联。
随着时间的推移，较高的MDS与较低的BPMs相关。本研究强调了饮食质量在健康老龄化和降低老年人心脏代谢风险方面的作用。
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