Diaby Meman, Agbonlahor Osayande, Fennell Bethany Shorey, Hart Joy L, Mattingly Delvon T
Center for Health, Engagement, and Transformation, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.
J Cannabis Res. 2025 May 16;7(1):26. doi: 10.1186/s42238-025-00283-x.
Following the legalization of cannabis in several U.S. states, the cannabis market has expanded, leading to a wider range of products including smoked, edible, and vape products which have variable health effects. This proliferation highlights the need for more research on patterns of current cannabis use among U.S. adults.
We used combined data on adults who currently use (i.e., past 30-day use) cannabis (n = 16,999) from the 2022 and 2023 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. We analyzed whether seven cannabis use modalities including smoking, vaping, dabbing, consuming edibles, taking pills, applying topicals, and absorbing sublingually/orally varied by age, sex, race and ethnicity, sexual orientation, education, income, geographic location, and state medical cannabis laws status by generating weighted proportion estimates and conducting multivariable logistic regression. Additionally, in a subanalysis, we examined differences in blunt use among U.S. adults who reported current cannabis use (n = 12,355), employing similar methods to explore associations with demographic and socioeconomic factors.
Among adults who currently use cannabis, smoking was the most common cannabis use method (77.33%), followed by edibles (37.31%), vaping (34.75%), dabbing (15.01%), applying topicals (5.93%), absorbing sublingually/orally (4.53%), and taking pills (2.11%). Edibles were popular among adults aged 35-49 years (29.57%), whereas vaping was most common among young adults aged 18-25 years (29.80%). Females (vs. males) had lower odds of smoking cannabis (OR: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.57-0.75) and higher odds of applying topicals (OR: 2.92; 95% CI: 2.23-3.83). Non-Hispanic Black (vs. non-Hispanic White) respondents had higher odds of smoking cannabis (OR: 2.03; 95% CI: 1.51-2.74) and lower odds of consuming edibles (OR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.56-0.77). Adults aged 50 + years (vs. 18-25) had greater odds of absorbing sublingually/orally (OR: 2.45; 95% CI: 1.59-3.76). In the subanalysis, we found that Non-Hispanic Black (vs. non-Hispanic White) adults had higher odds of blunt use (OR: 5.31; 95% CI: 4.23-6.65).
Use modality disparities among adults who currently use cannabis highlight the need for tailored public health education and interventions, given the distinct health risks associated with each method of use.
在美国几个州大麻合法化之后，大麻市场有所扩张，导致包括烟熏、食用和雾化产品在内的各类产品出现，这些产品对健康的影响各不相同。这种产品的激增凸显了对美国成年人当前大麻使用模式进行更多研究的必要性。
我们使用了2022年和2023年全国药物使用和健康调查中目前使用（即过去30天内使用）大麻的成年人（n = 16,999）的综合数据。我们通过生成加权比例估计值并进行多变量逻辑回归分析，研究了包括吸烟、雾化、滴吸、食用、服用药丸、外用涂抹以及舌下/口服吸收在内的七种大麻使用方式在年龄、性别、种族和族裔、性取向、教育程度、收入、地理位置以及州医用大麻法律状况方面是否存在差异。此外，在一项子分析中，我们研究了报告当前使用大麻的美国成年人（n = 12,355）中吸食大麻烟的差异，采用类似方法探索与人口统计学和社会经济因素的关联。
在目前使用大麻的成年人中，吸烟是最常见的大麻使用方式（77.33%），其次是食用（37.31%）、雾化（34.75%）、滴吸（15.01%）、外用涂抹（5.93%）、舌下/口服吸收（4.53%）以及服用药丸（2.11%）。食用在35至49岁的成年人中很受欢迎（29.57%），而雾化在18至25岁的年轻人中最为常见（29.80%）。女性（与男性相比）吸食大麻的几率较低（比值比：0.65；95%置信区间：0.57 - 0.75），外用涂抹的几率较高（比值比：2.92；95%置信区间：2.23 - 3.83）。非西班牙裔黑人（与非西班牙裔白人相比）受访者吸食大麻的几率较高（比值比：2.03；95%置信区间：1.51 - 2.74），食用的几率较低（比值比：0.66；95%置信区间：0.56 - 0.77）。50岁及以上的成年人（与18至25岁相比）舌下/口服吸收的几率更高（比值比：2.45；95%置信区间：1.59 - 3.76）。在子分析中，我们发现非西班牙裔黑人（与非西班牙裔白人相比）成年人吸食大麻烟的几率较高（比值比：5.31；95%置信区间：4.23 - 6.65）。
目前使用大麻的成年人在使用方式上存在差异，鉴于每种使用方法都有不同的健康风险，这凸显了开展针对性公共卫生教育和干预措施的必要性。
