Zhang Jiexing, Li Haoyan, Zhang Encheng, Lu Yuhan, Liu Bingxue, Yan Kexin, Yang Xin, Lv Hongming
College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang Bayi, China.
College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang Bayi, China.
Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2025 Oct;296:110226. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110226. Epub 2025 May 15.
Mycotoxins are the major widespread hazardous substances in feed and food and are widely distributed throughout the world. Mycotoxins are a major food safety concern since they can produce substantial toxic and carcinogenic consequences in human and animals when consumed. Trichothecenes (TCTs), a class of highly toxic mycotoxins mainly generated by Fusarium species, are among the most prevalent food pollutants. Deoxynivalenol (DON), largely biosynthesized by Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium culmorum, along with T-2 toxin generated chiefly by Fusarium langsethiae and Fusarium sporotrichioides, represent the most agriculturally significant TCT subtypes. There are still no effective control strategies. Furthermore, phytochemicals have received widespread attention as natural compounds with strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and detoxifying effects. Because of the powerful antioxidant effects of phytochemicals, researchers have begun to look at ways to counteract the intense toxicity of TCT. Focusing on the global challenge of TCTs, this comprehensive review systematically examines contamination patterns of DON and T-2 toxin, elucidates their multi-organ toxicity pathways, and critically evaluates emerging evidence on phytochemical-based interventions targeting DON and T-2 toxin-induced health impairments. It concludes that These findings demonstrate that phytochemicals counteract DON and T-2 toxin toxicity by suppressing oxidative stress-mediated pathways, including pyroptosis, ferroptosis, apoptosis, and inflammatory responses. Accordingly, the direct addition of phytochemicals to food and feed is expected to be a promising prospect for the detoxification of DON and T-2 toxin, considering their safety, efficiency, and accessibility.
霉菌毒素是饲料和食品中广泛存在的主要有害物质，在全球范围内分布广泛。霉菌毒素是食品安全的主要关注点，因为食用后它们会对人类和动物产生重大的毒性和致癌后果。单端孢霉烯族毒素（TCTs）是一类主要由镰刀菌属产生的剧毒霉菌毒素，是最普遍的食品污染物之一。脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）主要由禾谷镰刀菌和燕麦镰刀菌生物合成，以及主要由兰氏镰刀菌和拟枝孢镰刀菌产生的T-2毒素，是农业上最重要的TCT亚型。目前仍没有有效的控制策略。此外，植物化学物质作为具有强大抗氧化、抗炎和解毒作用的天然化合物受到了广泛关注。由于植物化学物质具有强大的抗氧化作用，研究人员已开始寻找对抗TCT强烈毒性的方法。针对TCT的全球挑战，本综述系统地研究了DON和T-2毒素的污染模式，阐明了它们的多器官毒性途径，并批判性地评估了针对DON和T-2毒素引起的健康损害的基于植物化学物质干预的新证据。研究得出结论，这些发现表明植物化学物质通过抑制氧化应激介导的途径（包括细胞焦亡、铁死亡、细胞凋亡和炎症反应）来对抗DON和T-2毒素的毒性。因此，考虑到植物化学物质的安全性、有效性和可及性，将其直接添加到食品和饲料中有望成为DON和T-2毒素解毒的一个有前景的方法。
