Lu Xinlong, Yadav Devendra, He Baichuan, Zhou Yu, Zhou Liwu, Zeng Zilong, Ma Lijing, Jing Dengwei
International Research Center for Renewable Energy & State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China.
Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel.
Adv Colloid Interface Sci. 2025 Sep;343:103544. doi: 10.1016/j.cis.2025.103544. Epub 2025 May 10.
Bubbles generated during electrochemical and photoelectrochemical water splitting critically influence efficiency through complex factors, including chemical reactions, species transport, mass transfer at the three-phase interface, and bubble coverage. A detailed understanding of the nucleation, growth, coalescence, and detachment of micro- and nanoscale bubbles is vital for advancing water splitting technologies. Surface-attached bubbles significantly reduce the electrocatalytically active area of electrodes, leading to increased surface overpotential at a given current density. Consequently, their effective removal is pivotal for optimizing the electrolysis process. However, the intricate interplay among single bubble evolution, mass transport, bubble coverage, and overpotential remain inadequately understood. This review explores the fundamental mechanisms underpinning bubble evolution, with an emphasis on the Marangoni effect and its influence on bubble dynamics. Furthermore, recent advancements in understanding individual bubbles on micro and nano-electrodes are highlighted, offering valuable insights into scale-dependent bubble behavior. These findings enrich our knowledge of gas-liquid interfacial phenomena and underscore their industrial significance, presenting opportunities to enhance water splitting performance through optimized bubble dynamics.
电化学和光电化学水分解过程中产生的气泡通过化学反应、物种传输、三相界面处的传质以及气泡覆盖率等复杂因素对效率产生关键影响。深入了解微米和纳米级气泡的成核、生长、聚并和脱离对于推进水分解技术至关重要。附着在表面的气泡会显著降低电极的电催化活性面积，导致在给定电流密度下表面过电位增加。因此，有效去除这些气泡对于优化电解过程至关重要。然而，单个气泡演化、传质、气泡覆盖率和过电位之间的复杂相互作用仍未得到充分理解。本综述探讨了气泡演化的基本机制，重点关注马兰戈尼效应及其对气泡动力学的影响。此外，还强调了在理解微纳电极上单个气泡方面的最新进展，为尺度依赖的气泡行为提供了有价值的见解。这些发现丰富了我们对气液界面现象的认识，并突出了它们的工业意义，为通过优化气泡动力学提高水分解性能提供了机会。
