Whitehead R G
Pediatrics. 1985 Jan;75(1 Pt 2):189-93.
The weaning process in relation to the nutritional adequacy of human lactation is reviewed. Current trends in breast-feeding, both in industrialized countries and the developing world, are considered, as well as associated changes in weaning practices. Consideration is also given to infant growth patterns in the Western world and how these are being influenced by current dietary practices. The nutritional requirements of babies during the first year of life are discussed, and recent concepts indicating that current estimates might be in excess of physiologic needs are introduced. These theories are of fundamental practical importance in terms of defining the length of time that exclusive breast-feeding remains adequate and determining when the introduction of complementary foods becomes necessary on nutritional grounds. It is emphasized that the weaning process is naturally a lengthy one, lasting many months rather than a few weeks, and that the provision of additional foods need not inhibit a mother's capacity for lactation as long as these feeds are administered in the correct fashion.
本文综述了与人类哺乳期营养充足性相关的断奶过程。文中考虑了工业化国家和发展中世界母乳喂养的当前趋势，以及断奶方式的相关变化。同时还探讨了西方世界婴儿的生长模式，以及当前饮食习惯对其产生的影响。文中讨论了婴儿出生后第一年的营养需求，并介绍了近期的一些概念，这些概念表明当前的估计可能超过了生理需求。这些理论对于确定纯母乳喂养足够的时长以及基于营养原因确定何时需要引入辅食具有根本的实际重要性。需要强调的是，断奶过程自然是一个漫长的过程，会持续数月而非几周，并且只要以正确的方式给予额外食物，就不必抑制母亲的泌乳能力。
