MacKenzie Lewis E, Kirton Peter
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Technology Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, Glasgow, Scotland, G1 1RD, UK.
Department of Physics and Scottish Universities Physics Alliance (SUPA), University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, UK.
Nanoscale Horiz. 2025 May 19. doi: 10.1039/d4nh00651h.
Superfluorescence (SF) in lanthanide doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) is a room-temperature quantum phenomenon, first discovered in 2022. In a SF process, the many emissive lanthanide ions within a single UCNP are coherently coupled by an ultra-short (ns or fs) high-power excitation laser pulse. This leads to a superposition of excited emissive states which decrease the emissive lifetime of the UCNP by a factor proportional to the square of the number of lanthanide ions which are coherently coupled. This results in a dramatic decrease in UCNP emission lifetime from the μs regime to the ns regime. Thus SF offers a tantalizing prospect to achieving superior upconversion photon flux in upconversion materials, with potential applications such as imaging and sensing. This perspective article contextualizes how SF-UCNPs can be regarded as a second generation quantum technology, and notes several challenges, opportunities, and open questions for the development of SF-UCNPs.
镧系掺杂上转换纳米粒子（UCNPs）中的超荧光（SF）是一种室温量子现象，于2022年首次被发现。在超荧光过程中，单个UCNP内的许多发光镧系离子通过超短（纳秒或飞秒）高功率激发激光脉冲发生相干耦合。这导致激发发光态的叠加，使UCNP的发光寿命按与相干耦合的镧系离子数量平方成正比的系数缩短。这使得UCNP的发射寿命从微秒级大幅降至纳秒级。因此，超荧光为在上转换材料中实现卓越的上转换光子通量提供了诱人的前景，具有成像和传感等潜在应用。这篇观点文章阐述了如何将超荧光 - 上转换纳米粒子视为第二代量子技术，并指出了超荧光 - 上转换纳米粒子发展面临的若干挑战、机遇和未解决的问题。
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