Nirmanyu H N, Anand Pauline, D'Almeida Joylene
Present Address: Department of Physiology, Father Muller Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka India.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Father Muller Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka India.
J Obstet Gynaecol India. 2025 Apr;75(Suppl 1):262-268. doi: 10.1007/s13224-024-01960-2. Epub 2024 May 22.
COVID-19 vaccination produces antibodies against the virus, protecting pregnant women, fetuses, and neonates. The goal was to understand immunologic response to vaccines by pregnant women at different trimesters of pregnancy.
To assess maternal blood and cord blood IgG antibody levels against spike protein at delivery in vaccinated pregnant women and in those with COVID-19 infection post-vaccination and to compare immunogenicity profile for different types of COVID-19 vaccine between two groups.
A cross-sectional study was done on 68 pregnant women with 34 subjects in each group. Maternal and cord blood anti-spike IgG antibody measurements were done in the vaccinated group (group 1) and infected after vaccination group (group 2).
Cord anti-spike IgG levels were correlated positively with maternal anti-spike IgG levels ( = 0.935, < 0.001) in group 1 and 2 ( = 0.638, < 0.001). Maternal and cord antibody levels and its transfer ratio in the vaccinated group were higher than in group 2, though not significant. Covishield and Covaxin vaccines elicited comparable rises in antibody levels in both groups. Birth weight was significantly different between the two groups (3.0 ± 0.3 vs. 2.7 ± 0.7 kg, < 0.05).
Maternal IgG antibody levels against spike protein increased at delivery, in both the groups regardless of the gestational age of vaccination. Vaccinated group showed a trend of higher maternal and cord blood antibody levels and antibody transfer ratio to fetus than in the infected after vaccination group. To enhance neonatal antibody levels, pregnant women need not wait until the third trimester for vaccination.
新冠病毒疫苗接种可产生针对该病毒的抗体，从而保护孕妇、胎儿和新生儿。目的是了解孕期不同阶段孕妇对疫苗的免疫反应。
评估接种疫苗的孕妇以及接种疫苗后感染新冠病毒的孕妇在分娩时母体血液和脐带血中针对刺突蛋白的IgG抗体水平，并比较两组中不同类型新冠病毒疫苗的免疫原性特征。
对68名孕妇进行了横断面研究，每组34名受试者。对接种疫苗组（第1组）和接种疫苗后感染组（第2组）进行了母体和脐带血抗刺突IgG抗体检测。
第1组和第2组中，脐带抗刺突IgG水平与母体抗刺突IgG水平呈正相关（第1组r = 0.935，P < 0.001；第2组r = 0.638，P < 0.001）。接种疫苗组的母体和脐带抗体水平及其转移率高于第2组，尽管差异不显著。Covishield和Covaxin疫苗在两组中引起的抗体水平升高相当。两组的出生体重有显著差异（3.0 ± 0.3 vs. 2.7 ± 0.7 kg，P < 0.05）。
两组孕妇在分娩时，无论接种疫苗时的孕周如何，其针对刺突蛋白的母体IgG抗体水平均升高。接种疫苗组的母体和脐带血抗体水平以及抗体向胎儿的转移率有高于接种疫苗后感染组的趋势。为提高新生儿抗体水平，孕妇无需等到孕晚期再接种疫苗。
