Kittler Sophie, Hammerl Jens A
Institut für Lebensmittelqualität und -sicherheit, Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Deutschland.
Abteilung Biologische Sicherheit, Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung (BfR), Diedersdorfer Weg 1, 12277, Berlin, Deutschland.
Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2025 May 20. doi: 10.1007/s00103-025-04055-z.
In order to ensure the holistic protection of human, animal and environmental health (commonly referred to as One Health), alternatives to the available antimicrobial approaches are required. Although antibiotic drugs have an outstanding broad spectrum of activity, their use is under discussion due to increasingly occurring resistances. Furthermore, the utilisation of antibiotics can result in significant consequences for the affected microbiome, often irreversibly altering its natural composition. The necessity for the implementation of alternative and targeted control measures for bacterial pathogens (e.g. zoonoses) represents a significant challenge for all sectors within the One Health framework. With growing interest, control strategies, some of which have been neglected for centuries, are under discussion for use as valuable tool for safeguarding health across all sectors.Bacteriophages (phages) represent a naturally occurring biological resource with promising potential for use in targeted biocontrol of specific bacteria. As bacterial viruses, they interact specifically with their bacterial hosts, invading them to utilize the bacterial metabolism for their replication, finally destroying the infected bacterial cell. The benefits of this natural predator-prey relationship for the control of bacterial pathogens have long been recognized and extensively studied. This review summarises selected studies on the use of phages, illustrating the potential and application possibilities, but also the challenges of phage use. Due to their cross-sectoral relevance, the use of phages in farm animals, food and the environment is presented as an example.
为确保对人类、动物和环境健康进行全面保护（通常称为“同一健康”），需要现有抗菌方法的替代方案。尽管抗生素药物具有出色的广谱活性，但由于耐药性日益增加，其使用受到了质疑。此外，抗生素的使用可能会对受影响的微生物群产生重大影响，常常会不可逆转地改变其天然组成。对细菌病原体（如人畜共患病）实施替代和针对性控制措施的必要性，对“同一健康”框架内的所有部门来说都是一项重大挑战。随着人们兴趣的增加，一些已被忽视了几个世纪的控制策略正在被讨论，有望成为保障所有部门健康的宝贵工具。噬菌体是一种天然存在的生物资源，在特定细菌的靶向生物防治方面具有广阔的应用潜力。作为细菌病毒，它们与细菌宿主特异性相互作用，侵入宿主利用细菌代谢进行自身复制，最终破坏被感染的细菌细胞。这种天然捕食关系在控制细菌病原体方面的益处早已得到认可并被广泛研究。本综述总结了关于噬菌体应用的部分研究，阐述了噬菌体应用的潜力、可能性以及面临的挑战。由于噬菌体的跨部门相关性，本文以其在农场动物、食品和环境中的应用为例进行介绍。
