Huang Mingyi, Xue Lei, Wu Yifan, Sun Qinzheng, Xu Yanwei, Li Jia, Yu Xiaoyi, Cao Yu, Huang Jingyi, Zhang Zeyu, Zhao Jinbiao, Han Dandan, Li Defa, Wang Junjun
State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2025 May 22;16(1):72. doi: 10.1186/s40104-025-01198-6.
Pigs fed diets with different ingredients but identical nutritional levels show significant differences in growth performance, indicating that growth may also be influenced by the synchronicity of dietary carbon and nitrogen supply. Therefore, this study aimed to determine glucose release kinetics of various feed ingredients, to investigate a glucose release pattern that is conducive to synchronized carbon-nitrogen supply, and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms by which this synchronization optimizes growth of pigs.
We analyzed the glucose release kinetics of 23 feed ingredients in vitro and found that their glucose release rates and amounts varied greatly. Based on this, a nitrogen-free diet and 5 purified diets, which represented the observed variations in glucose release rates and quantities among feed ingredients, were designed for 18 ileal-cannulated pigs. The results demonstrated that slower glucose release pattern could disrupt the synchrony of dietary carbon and nitrogen supply, reducing the growth of pigs and increasing nitrogen losses. Specifically, the diet with slower and moderate amounts of glucose release showed a relatively slower release of amino acids. Pigs fed this diet had the lower amino acid digestibility and the enrichment of harmful bacteria, such as Streptococcus, in the terminal ileum. Conversely, the diets with slower and lower glucose release exhibited a relatively rapid release of amino acids but also resulted in poor growth. They increased glucogenic amino acid digestibility and potentially enriched bacteria involved in nitrogen cycling and carbon metabolism. Notably, only the diet with rapid glucose release achieved synchronized and rapid release of nutrients. Pigs fed this diet exhibited higher amino acid digestibility, decreased harmful bacteria enrichment, improved nutrient utilization, and enhanced short-term growth performance.
Our research analyzed significant differences in glucose release kinetics among swine feed ingredients and revealed that slow glucose release disrupted dietary carbon-nitrogen supply synchrony, shifting amino acid utilization and enriching pathogens, negatively impacting growth and nutrient utilization. Consequently, choosing feed ingredients releasing glucose at a rapid rate to balance dietary carbon and nitrogen supply helps promote pig growth, and ensures efficient feed utilization.
给猪饲喂营养水平相同但成分不同的日粮，其生长性能存在显著差异，这表明生长可能还受日粮碳氮供应同步性的影响。因此，本研究旨在测定各种饲料原料的葡萄糖释放动力学，探寻有利于碳氮供应同步的葡萄糖释放模式，并阐明这种同步性优化猪生长的潜在机制。
我们在体外分析了23种饲料原料的葡萄糖释放动力学，发现它们的葡萄糖释放速率和释放量差异很大。据此，为18头回肠造瘘猪设计了一种无氮日粮和5种纯化日粮，这些日粮代表了饲料原料中观察到的葡萄糖释放速率和量的变化。结果表明，葡萄糖释放较慢的模式会破坏日粮碳氮供应的同步性，降低猪的生长速度并增加氮损失。具体而言，葡萄糖释放较慢且量适中的日粮显示氨基酸释放相对较慢。饲喂这种日粮的猪氨基酸消化率较低，且在回肠末端有害细菌（如链球菌）富集。相反，葡萄糖释放较慢且量较少的日粮氨基酸释放相对较快，但也导致生长不佳。它们提高了生糖氨基酸的消化率，并可能使参与氮循环和碳代谢的细菌富集。值得注意的是，只有葡萄糖快速释放的日粮实现了营养物质的同步快速释放。饲喂这种日粮的猪氨基酸消化率更高，有害细菌富集减少，养分利用率提高，短期生长性能增强。
我们的研究分析了猪饲料原料间葡萄糖释放动力学的显著差异，发现葡萄糖释放缓慢会破坏日粮碳氮供应同步性，改变氨基酸利用并使病原体富集，对生长和养分利用产生负面影响。因此，选择葡萄糖释放速率快的饲料原料以平衡日粮碳氮供应，有助于促进猪的生长，并确保饲料高效利用。
