Louis Petra, Duncan Sylvia Helen, Sheridan Paul Owen, Walker Alan William, Flint Harry James
Gut Health Group, Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
Gut Microbiome (Camb). 2022 May 4;3:e3. doi: 10.1017/gmb.2022.3. eCollection 2022.
The human large intestinal microbiota thrives on dietary carbohydrates that are converted to a range of fermentation products. Short-chain fatty acids (acetate, propionate and butyrate) are the dominant fermentation acids that accumulate to high concentrations in the colon and they have health-promoting effects on the host. Although many gut microbes can also produce lactate, it usually does not accumulate in the healthy gut lumen. This appears largely to be due to the presence of a relatively small number of gut microbes that can utilise lactate and convert it to propionate, butyrate or acetate. There is increasing evidence that these microbes play important roles in maintaining a healthy gut environment. In this review, we will provide an overview of the different microbes involved in lactate metabolism within the gut microbiota, including biochemical pathways utilised and their underlying energetics, as well as regulation of the corresponding genes. We will further discuss the potential consequences of perturbation of the microbiota leading to lactate accumulation in the gut and associated disease states and how lactate-utilising bacteria may be employed to treat such diseases.
人类大肠微生物群依靠膳食碳水化合物生存，这些碳水化合物会转化为一系列发酵产物。短链脂肪酸（乙酸、丙酸和丁酸）是主要的发酵酸，它们在结肠中积累到高浓度，对宿主具有促进健康的作用。尽管许多肠道微生物也能产生乳酸，但它通常不会在健康的肠腔内积累。这在很大程度上似乎是由于存在相对少量的肠道微生物，它们可以利用乳酸并将其转化为丙酸、丁酸或乙酸。越来越多的证据表明，这些微生物在维持健康的肠道环境中发挥着重要作用。在这篇综述中，我们将概述肠道微生物群中参与乳酸代谢的不同微生物，包括所利用的生化途径及其潜在的能量学，以及相应基因的调控。我们还将进一步讨论微生物群扰动导致肠道内乳酸积累和相关疾病状态的潜在后果，以及利用产乳酸细菌治疗此类疾病的方法。
