Charlesson B, Jones J, Abbiss C, Peeling P, Watts S, Christophersen C T
Edith Cowan University, School of Medical and Health Science, Perth, Australia.
Western Australian Institute of Sport, Perth, Australia.
J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2025 Dec;22(1):2507952. doi: 10.1080/15502783.2025.2507952. Epub 2025 May 21.
Despite the importance of the gut microbiome on physical performance and health, little is known on the impact of training on an athlete's gut health.
This study investigates the effect of training load on markers of gut health.
Whole stool (24 h) samples were collected from 23 highly trained rowers (mean ± SD; age 19.2 ± 1.1 y; weight 80.1 ± 11.4 kg; height 1.83 ± 0.09 m) following periods of high (HT) and low training load (LT). The microbiome and short-chain fatty acid concentrations were characterized from the whole stool samples. Three-day weighted food records were used to determine diet quality (ADIcore), macronutrient, and fiber intakes during HT and LT.
By design, training duration (147%) and intensity (130%) were greater during (HT), compared with (LT) ( < 0.001). Carbohydrate, fat, protein, and fiber intake remained stable, but ADIcore was higher in HT (55 ± 10) compared with LT (49 ± 9; t(15) = 2.78, 0.014; CI: 1.34 to 10.155). Stool frequency (1.11 ± 0.47 vs 0.67 ± 0.76; 0.007) was lower in HT compared with LT, and a greater number of participants were unable to produce a stool sample during LT (8% vs 47%). Short chain fatty acid (SCFA), propionic (120.64 ± 30.06 mm vs 91.35 ± 34.91 mm; 0.007), and butyric acid (104.76 ± 50.02 vs 64.23 ± 22.05 mm, 0.003) concentrations were lower in HT compared with LT. Alpha diversity, Shannon-Wiener diversity index (3.43 ± 0.37 vs 3.67 ± 0.34, 0.09) was lower in HT than LT. The abundance of the dominant was greater at HT compared to LT and ratio of firmicutes to ( = 16, 1.31 ± 1.19 vs 4.29 ± 3.88, t(15) = -3.44, 0.04, CI = -4.82 to -1.13) was lower in HT compared to LT.
Results of this study indicate that gut microbiome, SCFA concentrations, stool frequency, and diet quality vary between periods of high and low training load in athletes. The relationship between these factors and impact of such changes in gut health is currently unclear and warrants further investigation.
尽管肠道微生物群对身体表现和健康很重要，但关于训练对运动员肠道健康的影响却知之甚少。
本研究调查训练负荷对肠道健康标志物的影响。
从23名训练有素的赛艇运动员（平均±标准差；年龄19.2±1.1岁；体重80.1±11.4千克；身高1.83±0.09米）在高训练负荷（HT）和低训练负荷（LT）阶段后收集24小时全粪便样本。从全粪便样本中对微生物群和短链脂肪酸浓度进行表征。使用为期三天的加权食物记录来确定HT和LT期间的饮食质量（ADIcore）、宏量营养素和纤维摄入量。
按照设计，与LT相比，HT期间的训练持续时间（147%）和强度（130%）更大（<0.001）。碳水化合物、脂肪、蛋白质和纤维摄入量保持稳定，但HT期间的ADIcore（55±10）高于LT期间（49±9；t(15)=2.78，0.014；置信区间：1.34至10.155）。与LT相比，HT期间的排便频率（1.11±0.47对0.67±0.76；0.007）更低，并且在LT期间更多参与者无法提供粪便样本（8%对47%）。与LT相比，HT期间短链脂肪酸（SCFA）、丙酸（120.64±30.06毫摩尔对91.35±34.91毫摩尔；0.007）和丁酸（104.76±50.02对64.23±22.05毫摩尔，0.003）浓度更低。α多样性，香农-维纳多样性指数（3.43±0.37对3.67±0.34，0.09）在HT期间低于LT期间。与LT相比，HT期间优势菌的丰度更高，并且厚壁菌门与拟杆菌门的比例（=16，1.31±1.19对4.29±3.88，t(15)=-3.44，0.04，置信区间=-4.82至-1.13）在HT期间低于LT期间。
本研究结果表明，运动员在高训练负荷和低训练负荷阶段之间，肠道微生物群、SCFA浓度、排便频率和饮食质量有所不同。目前尚不清楚这些因素之间的关系以及肠道健康这种变化的影响，值得进一步研究。
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