Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2141, Australia.
Queensland Academy of Sport, Sport Performance Innovation and Knowledge Excellence Unit, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia.
Nutrients. 2020 Dec 31;13(1):126. doi: 10.3390/nu13010126.
While athletes' nutrient intakes have been widely reported, few studies have assessed the diet quality of athletes. This is the first study to evaluate the diet quality of athletes using the purpose-built Athlete Diet Index (ADI). A convenience sample of 165 elite athletes from Australian sporting institutions completed the ADI online, with subsequent automated results provided to their respective accredited sports dietitians (ASDs). At the completion of athlete participation, ASDs ( = 12) responded to a range of survey items using a Likert scale (i.e., 1 = strongly agree to 5 = ) to determine the suitability of the ADI in practice. Differences in ADI scores for demographics and sport-specific variables were investigated using independent -tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni multiple comparisons. Spearman's rank correlation was used to assess the association between total scores and demographics. The mean total ADI score was 91.4 ± 12.2 (range 53-117, out of a possible 125). While there was no difference in total scores based on demographics or sport-specific variables; team sport athletes scored higher than individual sport athletes (92.7 88.5, < 0.05). Athletes training fewer hours (i.e., 0-11 h/week) scored higher on sub-scores compared with athletes training more hours (> 12 h/week; < 0.05), suggesting that athletes who train longer may be at risk of a compromised dietary pattern or less than optimal nutrition practices that support training. Most (75%) ASDs surveyed with the perceived utility of the ADI for screening athletes and identifying areas for nutrition support, confirming its suitability for use in practice.
虽然运动员的营养摄入量已经被广泛报道，但很少有研究评估运动员的饮食质量。这是第一项使用专门为运动员设计的运动员饮食指数（ADI）评估运动员饮食质量的研究。来自澳大利亚体育机构的 165 名精英运动员通过在线完成 ADI 调查，随后向他们各自认可的运动营养师（ASD）自动提供结果。在运动员参与结束时，ASD（n=12）使用李克特量表（即 1=非常同意到 5=非常不同意）回答了一系列调查项目，以确定 ADI 在实践中的适用性。使用独立样本 t 检验、方差分析（ANOVA）和 Bonferroni 多重比较检验对 ADI 评分在人口统计学和特定运动变量方面的差异进行了研究。Spearman 秩相关用于评估总分与人口统计学之间的关联。ADI 总分的平均值为 91.4±12.2（范围 53-117，总分 125 分）。虽然总分不受人口统计学或特定运动变量的影响，但团队运动运动员的得分高于个人运动运动员（92.7±88.5，<0.05）。每周训练时间较短（即 0-11 小时/周）的运动员在子分数上的得分高于每周训练时间较长（>12 小时/周）的运动员（<0.05），这表明训练时间较长的运动员可能存在饮食模式受损或营养实践不足的风险，无法支持训练。接受调查的大多数（75%）ASD 认为 ADI 用于筛查运动员和确定营养支持领域非常有用，证实了其在实践中的适用性。
