Akazawa Nobuhiko, Nakamura Mariko, Eda Nobuhiko, Murakami Haruka, Nakagata Takashi, Nanri Hinako, Park Jonguk, Hosomi Koji, Mizuguchi Kenji, Kunisawa Jun, Miyachi Motohiko, Hoshikawa Masako
Department of Sports Research, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.
Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan.
Front Sports Act Living. 2023 Jul 14;5:1219345. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1219345. eCollection 2023.
The gut microbiome plays a fundamental role in host homeostasis through regulating immune functions, enzyme activity, and hormone secretion. Exercise is associated with changes in gut microbiome composition and function. However, few studies have investigated the gut microbiome during training periodization. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between training periodization and the gut microbiome in elite athletes.
In total, 84 elite athletes participated in the cross-sectional study; and gut microbiome was determined during their transition or preparation season period. Further, 10 short-track speed skate athletes participated in the longitudinal study, which assessed the gut microbiome and physical fitness such as aerobic capacity and anaerobic power in the general and specific preparation phase of training periodization. The gut microbiome was analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing.
The cross-sectional study revealed significant differences in and genera and in enterotype distribution between transition and preparation season phase periodization. In the longitudinal study, training phase periodization altered the level of , , and in the microbiome. Such changes in the microbiome were significantly correlated with alternations in aerobic capacity and tended to correlate with the anaerobic power.
These findings suggest that periodization alters the gut microbiome abundance related to energy metabolism and trainability of physical fitness. Athlete's condition may thus be mediated to some extent by the microbiota in the intestinal environment.
肠道微生物群通过调节免疫功能、酶活性和激素分泌，在宿主内环境稳态中发挥着重要作用。运动与肠道微生物群的组成和功能变化有关。然而，很少有研究在训练周期中对肠道微生物群进行调查。本研究旨在探讨精英运动员训练周期与肠道微生物群之间的关系。
共有84名精英运动员参与了这项横断面研究；在他们的过渡期或准备赛季期间测定肠道微生物群。此外，10名短道速滑运动员参与了纵向研究，该研究在训练周期的一般准备阶段和专项准备阶段评估了肠道微生物群以及有氧能力和无氧功率等身体素质。使用16S rRNA测序分析肠道微生物群。
横断面研究显示，过渡期和准备赛季阶段划分之间，属和属以及肠型分布存在显著差异。在纵向研究中，训练阶段划分改变了微生物群中、和的水平。微生物群的这种变化与有氧能力的改变显著相关，并倾向于与无氧功率相关。
这些发现表明，阶段划分会改变与能量代谢和身体素质训练适应性相关的肠道微生物群丰度。因此，运动员的身体状况可能在一定程度上由肠道环境中的微生物群介导。
