Issa Hayder M, Mohammed Dania H
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Garmian, Kalar, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq.
Department of Pharmacy, Al-Qalam University College, Kirkuk, Iraq.
Environ Anal Health Toxicol. 2025 Mar;40(1):e2025007-0. doi: 10.5620/eaht.2025007. Epub 2025 Mar 5.
This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of benzoic acid (BA) as a preservative and additive with a particular focus on its utilization in the pharmaceutical sector, its lifespan, and its environmental impact. The key aspects of this review offer significant additional perspectives on the relevant subject matter. The review suggests a thorough and organized analysis, likely incorporating multiple studies and sources, to provide a complete understanding of the subject. It suggests an in-depth study of BA's involvement and evolution in the pharmaceutical sector, spanning from the early stages of production to the final phases. It highlights the long-standing use of BA in pharmaceuticals, despite its associated toxicity issues. The review emphasizes its role as a versatile compound in the synthesis of more complex medicinal products, such as benzoyl peroxide. The review provides a lifecycle analysis through a comprehensive exploration of BA's lifecycle, from manufacturing processes to its various applications and eventual disposal. This involves evaluating its environmental consequences and emphasizing the significance of sustainability in its utilization. In terms of environmental considerations, the review offers a critical evaluation of how BA affects the environment; under certain conditions, it can form other compounds that become persistent organic pollutants. The review aims to provide insights and make a significant contribution to understanding the implications of BA in pharmaceuticals and its environmental footprint. Therefore, this study provides a comprehensive assessment that not only addresses the scientific and treatment aspects of BA but also evaluates the larger environmental consequences, making it relevant to ecology and environment experts.
本综述对苯甲酸（BA）作为一种防腐剂和添加剂进行了全面评估，特别关注其在制药领域的应用、使用寿命及其环境影响。本综述的关键方面为相关主题提供了重要的额外视角。该综述建议进行全面且有条理的分析，可能会纳入多项研究和资料来源，以全面理解该主题。它建议深入研究BA在制药领域的参与情况和发展历程，涵盖从生产初期到最终阶段。它强调了BA在制药领域的长期使用，尽管存在相关毒性问题。该综述强调了其在合成更复杂药品（如过氧化苯甲酰）中作为多功能化合物的作用。该综述通过全面探索BA的生命周期，从制造过程到其各种应用以及最终处置，进行了生命周期分析。这包括评估其环境影响，并强调其使用中可持续性的重要性。在环境考量方面，该综述对BA如何影响环境进行了批判性评估；在某些条件下，它会形成其他成为持久性有机污染物的化合物。该综述旨在提供见解，并为理解BA在制药领域的影响及其环境足迹做出重大贡献。因此，本研究提供了一项全面评估，不仅涉及BA的科学和治疗方面，还评估了更大范围的环境影响，使其对生态和环境专家具有参考价值。
