Transcriptomic analysis of the differences in gene expression between testis and ovary of Dybowski's frog (Rana dybowskii) in reproduction period.

Dybowski's frog (Rana dybowskii) is an important species in northeastern China, with significant ecological and economic value. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying gonadal differentiation is crucial for improving aquaculture practices and conserving biodiversity. This study investigated the transcriptomic profiles of male and female R. dybowskii gonads to identify sex-specific molecular markers and pathways involved in sexual differentiation. Using RNA sequencing, we comprehensively analyzed the gene expression profiles of gonadal tissues from both sexes at different developmental stages. Our findings revealed significant differences in the expression of key genes related to gonadal development, steroidogenesis, and sex hormone signaling. Additionally, we identified several novel genes that may play roles in the regulation of gonadal differentiation. These molecular insights provide a better understanding of the reproductive biology of R. dybowskii and offer potential targets for improving the management of aquaculture breeding programs. These results also contribute to a broader understanding of gonadal differentiation in amphibians, with implications for conservation and sustainable farming practices.