Kong Xiangyu, Qiu Zhao
Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanyang Town Community Health Service Center, Jinshan District, Shanghai, 201508, China.
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanyang Town Community Health Service Center, Jinshan District, Shanghai, 201508, China.
Sci Rep. 2025 May 22;15(1):17736. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-01773-x.
Myocardial infarction (MI), commonly referred to as a heart attack, ranks among the foremost causes of death worldwide. The contribution of exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to MI is still not well established. This study aims to examine how urinary metabolites of 19 volatile organic compounds (mVOCs) correlate with MI risk in the ordinary population. The data were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey spanning from 2011 to 2018, a nationally representative program conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to collect and assess the health and nutritional status of the non-institutionalized U.S. population through interviews and physical examinations. The relationship between a single mVOC and MI was analyzed by applying a logistic regression model. The nonlinear relationship between a single mVOC and MI was investigated with the help of a restricted cubic spline regression model. The overall association between mVOCs and MI was examined using a weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression model. The analysis included 5,211 participants, among whom 209 experienced MI, with mVOC levels assessed. A positive association between N-acetyl-S-(3-hydroxypropyl)-L-cysteine (3HPMA) [OR, 1.95; 95% CI, (1.06, 3.58)] and MI incidence was observed after adjustment for potential confounders. Similarly, N-acetyl-S-(2-cyanoethyl)-L-cysteine (CYMA) was also significantly associated with MI incidence [OR, 1.8; 95% CI, (1.14, 2.83)]. Each incremental unit increase in WQS was linked to a 20.4% rise in MI risk (95% CI, 1.05, 1.38). Among them, N-acetyl-S-(3,4-dihydroxybutyl)-L-cysteine (DHBMA), N-acetyl-S-(2-carboxyethyl)-L-cysteine (CEMA), CYMA, N-acetyl-S-(phenyl-2-hydroxyethyl)-L-cysteine (PHEMA), 3HPMA, and 3- and 4-methylhippuric acid (3,4MHA) were identified as key contributors, with DHBMA showing the highest weight (0.27). mVOCs are metabolic derivatives of VOC exposure, with common sources including industrial emissions, environmental pollution, and tobacco combustion. The findings revealed a significant association between urinary mVOCs and MI, implying exposure to these compounds may be linked to an increased MI risk.
心肌梗死（MI），通常被称为心脏病发作，是全球主要死因之一。暴露于挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）对心肌梗死的影响尚未完全明确。本研究旨在探讨19种挥发性有机化合物的尿代谢产物（mVOCs）与普通人群心肌梗死风险之间的相关性。数据取自2011年至2018年的国家健康与营养检查调查，这是美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）开展的一项具有全国代表性的项目，通过访谈和体格检查来收集和评估美国非机构化人群的健康和营养状况。采用逻辑回归模型分析单一mVOC与心肌梗死之间的关系。借助受限立方样条回归模型研究单一mVOC与心肌梗死之间的非线性关系。使用加权分位数和（WQS）回归模型检验mVOCs与心肌梗死之间的总体关联。分析纳入了5211名参与者，其中209人发生心肌梗死，并对其mVOC水平进行了评估。在对潜在混杂因素进行调整后，观察到N-乙酰-S-（3-羟丙基）-L-半胱氨酸（3HPMA）[比值比（OR），1.95；95%置信区间（CI），（1.06，3.58）]与心肌梗死发病率呈正相关。同样，N-乙酰-S-（2-氰基乙基）-L-半胱氨酸（CYMA）也与心肌梗死发病率显著相关[OR，1.8；95%CI，（1.14，2.83）]。WQS每增加一个单位，心肌梗死风险升高20.4%（95%CI，1.05，1.38）。其中N-乙酰-S-（3,4-二羟基丁基）-L-半胱氨酸（DHBMA）、N-乙酰-S-（2-羧乙基）-L-半胱氨酸（CEMA）、CYMA、N-乙酰-S-（苯基-2-羟乙基）-L-半胱氨酸（PHEMA）、3HPMA以及3-和-4-甲基马尿酸（3,4MHA）被确定为主要贡献因素，其中DHBMA权重最高（0.27）。mVOCs是VOC暴露的代谢衍生物，常见来源包括工业排放、环境污染和烟草燃烧。研究结果揭示了尿mVOCs与心肌梗死之间存在显著关联，这意味着暴露于这些化合物可能与心肌梗死风险增加有关。
