Llorca Javier, Gómez-Acebo Inés, Alonso-Molero Jéssica, Delgado-Rodríguez Miguel, Dierssen-Sotos Trinidad
Preventive Medicine Group, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain.
IDIVAL-Valdecilla Health Research Institute, Santander, Spain.
BMC Public Health. 2025 May 22;25(1):1885. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-23077-5.
Life expectancy in high-income countries remained lower in 2022 compared to pre-pandemic levels in 2019. This study explores the deficit of life expectancy and excess of years of life lost (YLL) in Spain from 2020 to 2022, assessing both direct effects of infectious diseases and indirect effects of other causes of death.
Data on life expectancy and YLL from 2010 to 2022 were obtained from the Spanish Institute for Statistics (INE). Using linear regression, we estimated expected life expectancy and YLL for 2020-2022 under the assumption that pre-pandemic trends (2010-2019) had continued.
During the first year of the pandemic, Spanish women lost 1.10 years and men lost 1.40 years in life expectancy. By 2022, life expectancy remained lower than in 2019 for both sexes. The excess YLL was similar across 2020 (2.40 million YLL and 5.3 YLL/100 people), 2021 (2.35 million YLL, 5.1 YLL/100 people), and 2022 (2.35 million YLL, 5.0 YLL/100 people). Approximately 70% of this excess was attributable to infectious diseases (87% in 2020, 78% in 2021, and 43% in 2022). Other major contributors to excess YLL included external causes, circulatory diseases, digestive diseases, and endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases, while cancer mortality did not show an excess during the pandemic period.
Mortality in Spain in 2022 remained elevated compared to pre-pandemic expectations. The contribution of non-infectious diseases to excess mortality increased over time.
Not applicable.
与2019年疫情前水平相比，2022年高收入国家的预期寿命有所下降。本研究探讨了2020年至2022年西班牙预期寿命的赤字和寿命损失年数（YLL）的超额情况，评估了传染病的直接影响和其他死亡原因的间接影响。
从西班牙统计局（INE）获取2010年至2022年的预期寿命和YLL数据。使用线性回归，我们在假设疫情前趋势（2010 - 2019年）持续的情况下，估计了2020 - 2022年的预期寿命和YLL。
在疫情的第一年，西班牙女性预期寿命损失1.10年，男性损失1.40年。到2022年，两性的预期寿命仍低于2019年。2020年（240万YLL，每100人5.3 YLL）、2021年（235万YLL，每100人5.1 YLL）和2022年（235万YLL，每100人5.0 YLL）的YLL超额情况相似。这种超额情况中约70%可归因于传染病（2020年为87%，2021年为78%，2022年为43%）。YLL超额的其他主要促成因素包括外部原因、循环系统疾病、消化系统疾病以及内分泌、营养和代谢疾病，而癌症死亡率在疫情期间并未出现超额情况。
与疫情前预期相比，2022年西班牙的死亡率仍然较高。非传染性疾病对超额死亡率的贡献随时间增加。
不适用。
