Oettl Felix C, Zsidai Bálint, Oeding Jacob F, Samuelsson Kristian
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA.
HSS J. 2025 May 20:15563316251339596. doi: 10.1177/15563316251339596.
Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force in orthopedic surgery. Potentially encompassing pre-, intra-, and postoperative processes, it can process complex medical imaging, provide real-time surgical guidance, and analyze large datasets for outcome prediction and optimization. AI has shown improvements in surgical precision, efficiency, and patient outcomes across orthopedic subspecialties, and large language models and agentic AI systems are expanding AI utility beyond surgical applications into areas such as clinical documentation, patient education, and autonomous decision support. The successful implementation of AI in orthopedic surgery requires careful attention to validation, regulatory compliance, and healthcare system integration. As these technologies continue to advance, maintaining the balance between innovation and patient safety remains crucial, with the ultimate goal of achieving more personalized, efficient, and equitable healthcare delivery while preserving the essential role of human clinical judgment. This review examines the current landscape and future trajectory of AI applications in orthopedic surgery, highlighting both technological advances and their clinical impact. Studies have suggested that AI-assisted procedures achieve higher accuracy and better functional outcomes compared to conventional methods, while reducing operative times and complications. However, these technologies are designed to augment rather than replace clinical expertise, serving as sophisticated tools to enhance surgeons' capabilities and improve patient care.
人工智能（AI）已成为骨科手术中的一股变革力量。它可能涵盖术前、术中和术后过程，能够处理复杂的医学影像，提供实时手术指导，并分析大型数据集以进行结果预测和优化。人工智能在各个骨科亚专业的手术精度、效率和患者预后方面都有改善，并且大语言模型和智能人工智能系统正在将人工智能的应用范围从手术领域扩展到临床文档、患者教育和自主决策支持等领域。在骨科手术中成功实施人工智能需要仔细关注验证、法规合规以及与医疗系统的整合。随着这些技术不断进步，在创新与患者安全之间保持平衡仍然至关重要，最终目标是在保持人类临床判断的关键作用的同时，实现更个性化、高效和公平的医疗服务。本综述探讨了人工智能在骨科手术中的当前现状和未来发展轨迹，突出了技术进步及其临床影响。研究表明，与传统方法相比，人工智能辅助手术具有更高的准确性和更好的功能结果，同时减少了手术时间和并发症。然而，这些技术旨在增强而非取代临床专业知识，是提升外科医生能力和改善患者护理的复杂工具。
