Liu Taizhong, Lee Jae-Sung, Hyun Jong-Hwan, Jin Xue-Cheng, Lee Hong-Gu
Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sanhuh College of Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
J Anim Sci. 2025 Jan 4;103. doi: 10.1093/jas/skaf124.
The aim of this study was to develop an equation model for predicting individual water intake (WI) in Holstein growing cattle by calculating the area under the curve (AUC) incorporating reticulorumen temperature from a wireless bolus sensor. A total of 21 female Holstein growing cattle aged 11.3 ± 2.06 mo and weighing 346 ± 5.2 kg were used in this study. Bolus sensors were fitted to all animals, and water was given at 09:00 am, 01:00 pm, and 05:00 pm at a temperature of 20 ± 1.4 °C for 1 h. The actual WI was recorded by weighing the volume of residual water in the bucket each time the animals drank water. The accuracy of the regression equation model was evaluated by mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) analysis. In study 1, prior to conducting an evaluation of the correlation between AUC and the actual WI, the determination of the end-temperature point on the 30 graphs generated by the reticulorumen temperature change in response to the WI behavior of 3 cattle was necessary. We observed that a recovery rate of 98% compared to the start-temperature point was the optimal point with a goodness-of-fit R2 of 0.8067. In study 2, considering that the reticulorumen temperature may be influenced by factors of feeding and space conditions, the coefficient determination in the regression between AUC and actual WI was performed using 12 cattle divided into 4 groups according to whether they were restricted or unrestricted in feed and space. The investigation revealed no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the change of reticulorumen temperature after WI in cattle housed in either free or confined feed and space. Based on these data, we established a regression equation model to forecast WI by combining AUC and actual WI (forecasted WI = 0.0632 × AUC + 3.8936, R2 = 0.7473, MAPE = 26.01%). In order to confirm the regression equation model for forecasting WI, the MAPE was introduced to assess the accuracy of the forecasted WI compared to the actual WI, yielding a value of 75.39% (study 3). In conclusion, the bolus sensor can be used to measure reticulorumen temperature changes in response to water consumption to predict individual WI in Holstein growing cattle and monitor ruminant health.
本研究的目的是通过计算包含来自无线药丸传感器的网瘤胃温度的曲线下面积（AUC），开发一种用于预测荷斯坦生长牛个体饮水量（WI）的方程模型。本研究共使用了21头11.3±2.06月龄、体重346±5.2千克的雌性荷斯坦生长牛。给所有动物安装了药丸传感器，并于上午9点、下午1点和下午5点以20±1.4°C的温度供水1小时。每次动物饮水时，通过称量水桶中剩余水的体积来记录实际饮水量。通过平均绝对百分比误差（MAPE）分析评估回归方程模型的准确性。在研究1中，在评估AUC与实际饮水量之间的相关性之前，有必要确定由3头牛的饮水量行为引起的网瘤胃温度变化所生成的30张图表上的终点温度点。我们观察到，与起始温度点相比，恢复率为98%是最佳点，拟合优度R2为0.8067。在研究2中，考虑到网瘤胃温度可能受饲养和空间条件因素的影响，根据12头牛在饲料和空间方面是否受限，将其分为4组，进行AUC与实际饮水量之间回归的系数测定。调查显示，自由或受限饲养和空间条件下的牛饮水后网瘤胃温度变化无显著差异（P>0.05）。基于这些数据，我们通过结合AUC和实际饮水量建立了一个预测饮水量的回归方程模型（预测饮水量=0.0632×AUC+3.8936，R2=0.7473，MAPE=26.01%）。为了确认预测饮水量的回归方程模型，引入MAPE来评估预测饮水量与实际饮水量相比的准确性，得出的值为75.39%（研究3）。总之，药丸传感器可用于测量因饮水引起的网瘤胃温度变化，以预测荷斯坦生长牛的个体饮水量并监测反刍动物健康。
