Chen Xinru, Han Rui, Liu Xinwei, Xu Jincheng
Department of Stomatology, Nanjing Qixia District Hospital, Nanjing, 210033, China.
Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233000, China.
BMC Oral Health. 2025 May 24;25(1):779. doi: 10.1186/s12903-025-06151-7.
The antioxidant system of periodontal tissue is unbalanced in periodontitis, and appropriate supplementation of antioxidants can effectively prevent or alleviate periodontal tissue damage. However, a dearth of research exists on the association between dietary antioxidant intake and the prevalence of periodontitis.
Six dietary antioxidants (vitamins A, C, and E, zinc, selenium, and carotenoids) were extracted from two 24-h recall interviews utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 2009 and 2014. The composite dietary antioxidant index (CDAI) made calculations using data on the intake of these six dietary antioxidants. Periodontitis severity was categorized into mild, moderate, and severe classifications based on established consensus criteria. Additionally, a restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression model was applied to evaluate the potential non-linear dose-response relationship between CDAI and periodontitis prevalence.
A total of 9,378 adults were included in this analysis, of which 4,755 had periodontitis. Individuals within the highest CDAI quartile demonstrated a diminished prevalence of total periodontitis compared to those in the lowest quartile (OR = 0.70 [0.53-0.93], P = 0.012). When moderate/severe periodontitis served as the outcome variable, those within the fourth CDAI quartile exhibited a 32% reduced prevalence compared to those in the first quartile (OR = 0.68 [0.52-0.88], P = 0.006). RCS regression showed that CDAI was linearly and negatively related to the prevalence of periodontitis (both total and moderate/severe periodontitis). In subgroup analysis by gender, a significant association between CDAI and total periodontitis was discerned solely among females (OR = 0.60 [0.42-0.85], P = 0.015).
Elevated dietary antioxidant intake is associated with a diminished prevalence of periodontitis. These findings underscore the potential role of antioxidants in periodontal health.
牙周炎患者牙周组织的抗氧化系统失衡，适当补充抗氧化剂可有效预防或减轻牙周组织损伤。然而，关于饮食中抗氧化剂摄入量与牙周炎患病率之间的关联研究较少。
利用2009年至2014年期间进行的美国国家健康与营养检查调查（NHANES）的数据，从两次24小时饮食回顾访谈中提取六种膳食抗氧化剂（维生素A、C和E、锌、硒和类胡萝卜素）。复合膳食抗氧化剂指数（CDAI）根据这六种膳食抗氧化剂的摄入量数据进行计算。根据既定的共识标准，将牙周炎严重程度分为轻度、中度和重度。此外，应用受限立方样条（RCS）回归模型评估CDAI与牙周炎患病率之间潜在的非线性剂量反应关系。
本分析共纳入9378名成年人，其中4755人患有牙周炎。与CDAI最低四分位数组相比，最高四分位数组的成年人全牙周炎患病率降低（OR = 0.70 [0.53 - 0.93]，P = 0.012）。当中度/重度牙周炎作为结果变量时，与第一四分位数组相比，第四四分位数组的患病率降低了32%（OR = 0.68 [0.52 - 0.88]，P = 0.006）。RCS回归显示，CDAI与牙周炎患病率（全牙周炎和中度/重度牙周炎）呈线性负相关。在按性别进行的亚组分析中，仅在女性中发现CDAI与全牙周炎之间存在显著关联（OR = 0.60 [0.42 - 0.85]，P = 0.015）。
饮食中抗氧化剂摄入量增加与牙周炎患病率降低有关联。这些发现强调了抗氧化剂在牙周健康中的潜在作用。
