Rack J P
Br J Psychol. 1985 Aug;76 ( Pt 3):325-40. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8295.1985.tb01956.x.
Memory coding in dyslexic readers and reading-age-matched controls was investigated using cued recall. In the first phase of the experiment subjects made rhyme judgements about pairs of words. In the second phase one member of each pair (the cue) was used to cue recall of the other member of the pair (the target). Cues and targets were either rhyming and orthographically similar, rhyming and orthographically distinct, orthographically similar and not rhyming, or unrelated. Dyslexics were as accurate at detecting rhyme compared to the reading-age-matched controls; however, they were slower and were subject to a greater orthography effect (Seidenberg & Tanenhaus, 1979). Overall memory performance did not differ between the two groups. However, dyslexics were found to make more use of an orthographic code with both visual and auditory presentation. They made less use of a phonetic code in the visual but not the auditory condition. The results support the view that dyslexics have less easy access to a phonological code in memory, but they are able to compensate for this by increased use of a visual/orthographic code.
利用线索回忆法对诵读困难读者和阅读年龄匹配的对照组的记忆编码进行了研究。在实验的第一阶段，受试者对单词对进行押韵判断。在第二阶段，每对单词中的一个成员（线索）被用来提示回忆另一成员（目标）。线索和目标要么押韵且拼写相似，押韵且拼写不同，拼写相似但不押韵，要么不相关。与阅读年龄匹配的对照组相比，诵读困难者在检测押韵方面同样准确；然而，他们速度较慢，且受到更大的拼写效应影响（Seidenberg & Tanenhaus，1979）。两组的总体记忆表现没有差异。然而，发现诵读困难者在视觉和听觉呈现时都更多地使用拼写编码。在视觉而非听觉条件下，他们较少使用语音编码。结果支持了这样一种观点，即诵读困难者在记忆中较难获取语音编码，但他们能够通过更多地使用视觉/拼写编码来对此进行补偿。
