Mastromartino Brandon, Li Weizhe, Qian Yizhou Tyreal
Institute on Sports Wagering and Gaming, L. Robert Payne School of Hospitality and Tourism Management, San Diego State University, 550 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA, 92115, USA.
School of Kinesiology, Louisiana State University, 1250 Huey P. Long Field House, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA.
J Gambl Stud. 2025 May 26. doi: 10.1007/s10899-025-10394-y.
This study investigates how perceived legality of online sports betting influences perceptions of consumer protection, behavioral control, and future betting intentions. Employing general linear modeling (GLM) and fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analyses (fsQCA), we assess these relationships across different types of online betting activities and among varying levels of betting experience. Results revealed that participants who perceived online sports betting as legal reported higher levels of perceived consumer protection, perceived behavioral control, and future betting intentions. The fsQCA identified specific configurations leading to high future betting intentions. Notably, two configurations emerged: (1) bettors who perceive betting as legal, participate in Daily Fantasy Sports (DFS), and have high perceived behavioral control; and (2) bettors involved in prop pick'em wagering with high perceived consumer protection and high perceived behavioral control. This study highlights the importance of perceived legality, consumer protection, and behavioral control in shaping consumer perceptions and intentions with online sports betting. The identification of specific factor combinations suggests that regulatory and policy efforts should consider the multifaceted nature of consumer behavior in online sports betting. Tailored strategies that enhance legal consciousness, strengthen consumer protection measures, and empower bettors can more effectively promote responsible gaming practices.
本研究调查了在线体育博彩的合法性认知如何影响消费者保护认知、行为控制认知以及未来博彩意图。我们采用一般线性模型（GLM）和模糊集定性比较分析（fsQCA），评估了不同类型在线博彩活动以及不同博彩经验水平下的这些关系。结果显示，认为在线体育博彩合法的参与者报告的消费者保护认知、行为控制认知和未来博彩意图水平更高。fsQCA确定了导致高未来博彩意图的特定组合。值得注意的是，出现了两种组合：（1）认为博彩合法、参与日常梦幻体育（DFS）且行为控制认知高的投注者；（2）参与让分胜负投注且消费者保护认知高和行为控制认知高的投注者。本研究强调了合法性认知、消费者保护和行为控制在塑造消费者对在线体育博彩的认知和意图方面的重要性。特定因素组合的识别表明，监管和政策努力应考虑在线体育博彩中消费者行为的多面性。增强法律意识、加强消费者保护措施并赋予投注者权力的定制策略可以更有效地促进负责任的博彩行为。
