1Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA.
2William F. Harrah College of Hospitality, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA.
J Behav Addict. 2022 Sep 5;11(3):689-715. doi: 10.1556/2006.2022.00064. Print 2022 Sep 26.
This systematic review examines whether sports betting behaviors differ among and between sports bettors in different countries, evaluates psychosocial problems related to sports betting behaviors and how problems may vary by country, and lastly, summarizes the current regulatory guidelines for sports betting.
We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and included peer-reviewed articles from PubMed, Web of Science, and PsycINFO. Studies on sports betting behavior were included if they were published in English or Chinese between January 1, 2010 and March 28th, 2022. We gathered regulatory information from peer-reviewed articles, legal acts, and relevant websites. Of 2,450 articles screened, 65 were included in the final review.
Marketing and promotion of sports betting were more prominent for sports betting in Australia and the United Kingdom. Interviews with sports bettors demonstrated that sports betting is persuasive and normalized. Psychosocial problems do not appear to differ greatly by country, and sports betting appears to be associated with elevated levels of problem gambling. Responsible gambling approaches have helped address risky sports betting behaviors. China and South Korea have imposed more strict regulations and restrictions on sports betting access in comparison to countries such as Australia or the United States.
Currently, sports betting is easy to access, normalized, and contains many attractive features for sports bettors. Psychoeducation about potential risks of sports betting and encouragement of responsible gambling strategies could help lessen risky sports-betting behaviors, though cross-cultural adaptations should be explored.
本系统评价考察了不同国家的体育博彩者之间和之间的博彩行为是否存在差异，评估了与体育博彩行为相关的心理社会问题，以及这些问题如何因国家而异，并总结了目前体育博彩的监管准则。
我们遵循了系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）指南，并纳入了来自 PubMed、Web of Science 和 PsycINFO 的同行评议文章。如果文章发表于 2010 年 1 月 1 日至 2022 年 3 月 28 日期间，使用英语或中文出版，且研究内容为体育博彩行为，则将其纳入最终评价。我们从同行评议文章、法律法规和相关网站收集监管信息。在筛选出的 2450 篇文章中，有 65 篇被纳入最终综述。
澳大利亚和英国的体育博彩营销和推广更为突出。对体育博彩者的访谈表明，体育博彩具有说服力且被常态化。各国之间的心理社会问题似乎没有很大差异，而体育博彩似乎与更高水平的赌博问题有关。负责任的博彩方法有助于解决有风险的体育博彩行为。与澳大利亚或美国等国家相比，中国和韩国对体育博彩的准入实施了更严格的规定和限制。
目前，体育博彩易于获取、常态化，且对博彩者具有许多吸引力。对体育博彩潜在风险的心理教育和鼓励负责任的博彩策略可能有助于减少有风险的体育博彩行为，但应探索跨文化适应性。
