Associations between the triglyceride-glucose index and its combined indices with sleep disorders and the mediating role of depressive symptoms: Results from two nationally representative population studies.

BACKGROUND

The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and its combined indices serve as markers of insulin resistance, but their associations with sleep disorders remain unclear. This study examines the links between the TyG index, its combined indices, and sleep disorders while assessing the mediating role of depressive symptoms.

METHODS

Using data from NHANES (n = 17,538, USA) and CHARLS (n = 7758, China), we conducted cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Associations between TyG-related indices and sleep disorders were assessed using logistic and linear regression models. Mediation analysis evaluated the indirect effects of depressive symptoms.

RESULTS

Higher TyG index levels were significantly associated with sleep disorders (NHANES adjusted OR: 1.127, 95 % CI: 1.051-1.209; CHARLS adjusted OR: 1.54, 95 % CI: 1.00-1.80, P < 0.001). Gender-stratified analyses showed a stronger association with depressive symptoms in females. Mediation analysis revealed that depressive symptoms accounted for 68.91 % (NHANES) and 21.33 % (CHARLS) of the TyG-sleep disorder relationship. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis showed TyG outperformed the triglyceride-glucose body mass index (TyG-BMI) and the triglyceride-glucose waist circumference (TyG-WC) in CHARLS (AUC = 0.62).

CONCLUSIONS

Metabolic dysfunction, shown by the TyG index, links to sleep disorders. Depressive symptoms partly explain this connection. These results highlight the importance of addressing both metabolic and mental health to improve sleep. More research is needed to understand the causes and find effective treatments.